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前缀、后缀、词根总结英语单词构词法——前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀(1)纯否定前缀前缀举例a-,an-asymmetry(不对称),anhydrous(无水的)dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il-,im-,ir-incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregularne-,n-none,neither,nevernon-nonsenseun-unable,unemployment(2)表示错误的意义前缀举例male-,mal-malfunction,maladjustment(失调)mis-mistake,misleadpseudo-pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience(3)表示反动作的意思前缀举例de-defend,demodulation(解调)dis-disarm,disconnectun-unload,uncover(4)表示相反、相互对立的意思前缀举例anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign(排外的)contra-,contre-,contro-contradiction,controflow(逆流)counter-counteraction,counterbalanceob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupywith-withdraw,withstand2.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀前缀含义举例a-在……之上、向……aboard,asideby-附近、邻近、边侧bypath,bypasscircum-,circu-周围、环绕、回转circumstance,circuitde-在下、向下descend,degradeen-在内、进入encage,enbedex-,ec-,es-外部、外exit,eclipse,expand,exportextra-额外extractionfore-在前面forehead,foregroundin-,il-im-,ir-向内、在内、背于inland,invade,inside,importinter-,intel-在……间,相互international,interaction,intro-向内、在内、内侧introduce,medi-,med-,mid-中,中间Mediterranean,midpositionout-在上面,在外部,在外outline,outside,outwardover-在上面,在外部,向上overlook,overhead,overboardpost-向后,在后面,次postscript(附言),postgraduatepre-在前,在前面prefix,preface,prepositionpro-在前、向前progress,proceedsub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-在下面,下subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplementsuper-,sur-在……之上superficial,surface,superstructuretrans-移上,转上,在那一边translate,transform,transoceanicunder-在……下面,下的underline,undergroundup-向上,向上面,在上upward,uphold,uphill3.表示时间、序列关系的前缀前缀含义举例ante-,anti-先前,早于,预先antecedent,anticipateex-先、故、旧ex-president,ex-husbandfore-在前面、先前、前面foreword,foretellmid-,medi-中,中间midnight,midsummerpost-在后,后postwarpre-,pri-在前、事先、预先preheat,prewar,prehistorypro-在前、先、前prologue(序幕),prophetre-再一次、重新retell,rewrite4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀前缀含义举例by-副、次要的byproductextra-超越、额外extraordinaryhyper-超过、极度hypersonic,hypertensionout-超过、过分outdo(超过),outbidover-超过、过度、太overeat,overdress,oversleepsub-,suc-次、低、副、亚subeditor,subordinate,successionsuper-,sur-超过supernatural,superpower,surplusunder-低劣、低下undersize,undergrownvice-副、次vice-president,vice-chairman5.表示共同、相等意思的前缀前缀含义举例com-,cop-,con-,cor-,co-共同、一起combine,connect,coexistsyn-,syl-,sym-同、共、和、类synthesis,sympathy6.表示整个完全意思的前缀前缀含义举例al-完整、完全alone,almostover-完全、全overall,overflow(充满)pan-全、总、万panentheism(泛神论),panorama(全景、概论)7.表示分离、离开意思的前缀前缀含义举例a-,ab-,abs-分离、离开away,apart,abstract,abstainde-离去、除去depart,decolourdis-,di-,dif-分离、离开disarm,divorceex-,e-离开、分离expel,exclude,expatriatefor-离开、脱离forgive,forgetre-离开release,resolvese-分离、隔离separate,seduce,select8.表示通过、遍及意思的前缀前缀含义举例dia-通过、横过diameter,diagramper-,pel-通、总、遍perfect,perform,pervade(浸透)trans-横过、贯通transparent,transmit,transport9.表示加强意思的前缀前缀举例a-arouse,ashamedad-adjoin,adhere(粘着)10.表示变换此类作用的前缀前缀举例be-befriend(帮助、扶助)en-enslave,enable,enrichad-,ac-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-adapt,accord,affix,aggression,arrive,assist,attend,attract,arrange,assign11.表示数量关系的前缀前缀含义举例mono-,mon-单一、一monotone,monopoly,monarchambi-,bi-,di-twi-二、两、双ambiguous,amphibian,bicycle,diode,twilightdeca-,deco-,dec-,deci-十decade,decimalshecto-,hect-,centi-百,百分之一hectometer,centimeterkilo-千、千分之一kilometermyria-,myri-,mega,meg,micro-万、万分之一myriametre,megabyte,microvoltmulti-,mult-,poly-许多、复、多数multipmetre,polysyllablehemi-,demi-,semi-,pene-,pen-半、一半hemisphere,demiofiicial,semiconductor,semitransparent,peninsula12.表示特殊意义的前缀前缀含义举例arch-首位、第一的、主要的architect,archbishopauto-自己、独立、自动automobile,autobiographybene-善、福benefiteu-优、美好eugenics(优生学),euphemismmale-,mal-恶、不良maltreatment,malodormacro-大、宏大macroscopic(宏观)magni-大magnificentmicro-微microscope13.表示术语的前缀前缀含义举例aud-听、声audiencebio-生命、生物biographyge-地球、大地geographyphon-声、音调phonographtele-远离television,telephone英语单词构词法——后缀1.名词后缀(1)具有某种职业或动作的人后缀含义举例-an,-ian……地方的人,精通……的人American,historian-al具有……职务的人principal-ant,-ent……者merchant,agent,servant,student-ar……的人scholar,liar-ard,-art做……的人coward,laggard,braggart-arian……派别/主义的人,humanitarian,vegetarian-ary从事……的人secretary,missionary-ate具有……职责的人candidate,graduate-ator做……的人educator,speculator-crat某种政体、主义的支持者democrat,bureaucrat-ee动作承受着employee,examinee-eer从事于……的人engineer,volunteer-er从事某职业的人,某地区、地方的人banker,observer,Londoner,villager-ese……国人,……地方的人Japanese,Cantonese-ess阴性人称名词actress,hostess,manageress-eur……家amateur,litterateur-ian……地方人,信仰……教的人,从事……职业的人Christian,physician,musician-ician精通者,……家electrician,magician,technician-icist……家,……者,……能手physicist,phoneticist,technicist-ic……者,……师mechanic,critic-ie爱称,指小diaries,auntie,lassie-ier从事……职业cavalier,clothier,brazier-ine,-ina阴性人称heroine,ballerina-ist从事……研究者,信仰……主义者pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist-ive动作者,行动者native,captive-logist……学家,研究者biologist,geologist-or……者author,doctor,operator-ster做……事情的人youngerster,gamester,songster-yer从事……职业者lawyer(2)构成具有抽象名词的含义后缀含义举例-acy性质、状态、境遇accuracy,diplomacy-age状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage,storage,marriage-al事物的动作、过程refusal,arrival,survival,denial表示具体的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal-ance,-ence性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience-ancy,-ency性质、状态、行为、过程frequency,urgency,efficiency-bility动作、性质、状态possibility,feasibility-craft工艺、技巧woodcra
本文标题:前后缀词根表(较完整版-供查阅)
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