高中英语同位语从句最全解析

同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。所谓同位语,是指跟在某些名词的后面,对前者做进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括,但不对前者起修饰作用的一种句子成分。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面：一、同位语从句在句中的位置在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether,what,which,who,when,where,why,how等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等）的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。I'vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon'tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。ThestorygoesthathefailedintheCollegeEntranceExaminationsagain.据说他高考又落榜了。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome？你在哪儿听说我不能来？Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.答应我,你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。WordcamethatChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct15,2003.消息传来,中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。三、同位语从句连接词的选用在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that,who,whether）,连接副词（how,when,where）等。Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在nodoubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.我们相信张卫会守信的。同位语从句：that有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句：Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。Hemadeaproposalthatthemeetingbepostpone.他提议会议延期。Therewaslittlehopethathewouldsurvive.他幸存的希望很小。以下名词常用于以上句型：advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word同位语从句：whetherwhether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。Ihavesmalldoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句：whatwhat可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词Ihavenoideawhatheisdoingnow.我不知道他现在在干什么。同位语从句：howhow可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词It'saquestionhowhedidit.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句:who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。Sheraisedthequestionwherewecouldgetthefund.她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。四.同位语从句和定语从句的区别１、定语从句相当于一个形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位语从句相当于名词,属于名词性从句,它是对前面名词内容的具体表述,它们之间的关系是同位关系。(1)WeweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthattheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhadwonthematchagain.听到中国女排再次获胜的消息我们极为高兴。(that引导的是同位语从句)(2)Weweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthatourteacherhadtoldus.听到老师告诉我们的消息我们感到很高兴。(that引导的是定语从句)２、that在定语从句中充当某一成分,是关系代词;that在同位语从句中不作任何成分,仅把主句与从句连接在一起,是从属连词。３、when,where,why,how,who,whom,which如果引导定语从句,它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物,否则引导的就是同位语从句。1)Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclassisquiteclear.他上课迟到的原因显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句)(2)Hehassolvedtheproblemwhytheradiowasoutoforder.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)４、whether,what可引导同位语从句,但通常不可引导定语从句。Theproblem(of)whethertheycouldfinishtheprojectisveryimportant.他们是否能够按期完成那个项目,这个问题非常重要。５、同位语从句常跟在news,fact,promise,idea,word,message,hope,truth,answer,proposal,suggestion,order,information等少数名词之后,而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句。如：Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.因为thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign句意通顺,所以,thathewasgoingtoresign是同位语从句。例1：1)Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as析：答案为B。moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：2)Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities,thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as析：答案为B。thathasbeenputforward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。例2：Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.(MET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为aterriblenoise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：Ican'tstandtheterriblenoise____sheiscryingloudly.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that析：答案为D。sheiscryingloudly是theterriblenoise的内容,且theterriblenoise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。巩固性练习：1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.hatB.whatC.whichD.why3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./6.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what9.Thenursesaretryingt