同位语从句-PPT

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesentences:▼YangtzeRiver,thelongestriverinourcountry,isfacingseverepollutionproblems.▼YangLiping,afamousdancerinchina,hasbecomeafocusofpublicattentionrecently.▼ThenewsthattheU.ShasdeclaredwaronIraqcameearlythismorning.▼Thefactthatherhairisturninggrayworriedheralot.名词性从句之三--同位语从句由NordriDesign提供一、概念同位语VS同位语从句同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词进行说明或解释，这个名词(或其它形式)就是另一个名词的同位语。如：LauraMyers,aBBCreporter,askedforaninterview.Influenza,acommondisease,hasnocure.Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Moreexamples?同位语的三种形式1.名词作同位语Donna,thecheerleader,receivedabighugfromthefamousfootballer.2.短语作同位语Lorry,oneofthemostintelligentgirlsIknow,isplanningtoapplyforthescholarshipofHarvard.Whoisthatman,thefirstinthefrontrow?3.句子作同位语Thenewsthattheoilpricewillgodownisuntrue.(同位语从句）1.名词作同位语Donna,thecheerleader,receivedabighugfromthefamousfootballer.2.短语作同位语Lorry,oneofthemostintelligentgirlsIknow,isplanningtoapplyforthescholarshipofHarvard.Whoisthatman,thefirstinthefrontrow?3.句子作同位语Thenewsthattheoilpricewillgodownisuntrue.(同位语从句）二、同位语从句同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句，它所修饰的词为先行词。同位语从句在主句中的作用相当于先行词的作用。同位语从句一般用that,whether，what,which,who,when,where,why,how等词引导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hopewish,promise,report,suggestion,conclusion等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。例：Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.析：theyhadwonthegame说明Thenews的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.Weexpressedthehopethattheycancometovisitourtownagain.Ihavenoideawherehelives.同位语从句的先行词被同位语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词，常见到的先行词有：•advice，announcement,answer,belief，•chance,conclusion•demand,doubt,decision,evidence，explanation•fact，feeling•hope,idea,information,impression•message,news•order,opinion,•problem,promise,proposal,possibility•question,•request,report,rumor,reason•suggestion,thought•wish,word,warning这些词有什么共同点？同位语从句的引导词•同位语从句的引导词有：•that,whether，what,which,who•when,where,how,why1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）•例：Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）•例：We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式““为什么”等含义，应用when,where,how,why等词引导同位语从句。•例：Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.•Theyraisedanotherquestionwhereweshouldgetthemoney.•HehadnoideahowJoemanagedtogetoutofthewell.•Thequestionwhysomanyanimalsdiedsuddenlyinthatarearemainsunsettled.Exercises:•1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.•A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which•2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.•A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why•3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.•A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when•4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.•A.whichB.thatC./D.it•5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.•A.whenB.thatC.whatD./•.•6.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which•7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that•8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what•9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.asC.ofwhichD.which•10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when•11.Thereason__shefailedthetestisthatshewastoonervous.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.why12.MsZhangraisedaquestion__wecouldgetthemoney.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why需注意的情况：◆有时候主句的谓语比较短，同位语从句比较长，这个从句就不一定紧接在它所说明的名词后面。•如：WordcamethatourChinesewomenteamhadbeatenJapanese.•Thestorygoesthatthelostchildhasgoneabroad.•Thethoughtcametohimthatthecriminalmighthavedisguised.同位语从句与定语从句的区别一、That引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.所表达的内容不同同：先行词的具体内容定：先行词的性质、特征等1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.1.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.2.Thesuggestion（that)theyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.2.在句中所起的语法作用不同同：that是连词，不充当任何成分，但不能省略定：that是关系代词，充当主语、宾语等，作宾语时可省略•二、whenwherewhy引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别•whenwherewhy引导的定语从句，分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因，否则为同位语从句。•ThephotoremindsmeofthetimewhenIworkedfortheSouthernWeekly.•Wehavenoideawhenhecamein.真题回放TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea___thepartyistobeheld?（陕西2008）ThatwherewhywhatDoris’successliesinthefact___sheiscooperativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(上海2006）Thatwhetherwherehow真题回放•1.Thereismuchchance_____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.天津2006A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if•2.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt____acureforAIDSwillbefound.广东2005A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether•3.Dannyleftwordwithmysecretary___hewouldcallagainthisafternoon.浙江2005A.whoB.thatC.asD.whichGoodluck!•4.Doyouhaveanyidea___isactuallygoingoninthemeetingroom.辽宁2005A.thatB.whatC.asD.which•5.Alongwiththeletterswashispromise___hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.上海2005A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether•6.Astorygoes___ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemanatcourt.上海2004A.whenB.whereC.wh