高英II-3课文后练习+答案

1高英II-3课文后练习+答案：I.Writeshortnoteson:Carlyle,andLamb.SuggestedReferenceBooks[SRB]1.TheOxfordCompaniontoEnglishLiterature2.anystandardbookonthehistoryofEnglishliterature3.EncyclopaediaBritannicaSeeAdditionalBackgroundMaterialforTeachers'Reference,points6and71.Carlyle:ThomasCarlyle(1795-1881),EnglishessayistandhistorianbornatEcclefechan,avillageoftheScotchlowlands.AftergraduatingfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh,herejectedtheministry,forwhichhehadbeenintended,anddeterminedtoheawriterofhooks.In1826hemarriedJaneWelsh,awell-informedandambitiouswomanwhodidmuchtofurtherhiscareer.TheymovedtoJane'sfarmatCraigenputtoehwheretheylivedfor6years(1828-1834).DuringthistimeheproducedSartorResartus(1833-1834),abookinwhichhefirstdevelopedhischar-acteristicstyleandthought.Thisbookisaveiledsardonicattackupontheshamsandpretencesofsociety,uponhollowrank,hollowofficialism,hollowcustom,outofwhichlifeandusefulnesshavedeparted.In1837hepublishedTheFrenchRevolution,apoeticrenderingandnotafactualaccountofthegreateventinhistory.Besidesthesetwomasterpieces,hewroteChartism(1840),OnHeroes,heroWorship,andtheHeroicinHistory(I841),PastandPresent(1843)andothers.Carlylese,apeculiarstyleofhisown,wasacompoundofbiblicalphrases,colloquialisms,Teutonictwists,andhisowncoinings,arrangedinunexpectedsequences.Oneofthemostimportantsocialcriticsofhisday,Carlyleinfluencedmanymenoftheyoungergeneration,amongthemwereMathewArnoldandRuskin.2.Lamb:CharlesLamb(1775-1834),Englishessayist,wasborninLondonandbroughtupwithintheprecinctsoftheancientlawcourts,hisfatherbeingaservanttoanadvocateoftheinnerTemple.HewenttoschoolatChrist'sHospital,wherehehadforaclassmateColeridge,hislife-longfriend.Atseventeen,hebecameaclerkintheIndiaHouseandhereheworkedfor33yearsuntilhewasre-tiredonapension.HisdevotiontohissisterMary,uponwhomrestedanhereditarytaintofinsanity,hasdoneal-mostasmuchasthesweetnessandgentlehumorofhiswritingstoendearhisname.Theycollaboratedonseveralbooksforchildren,publishingin1867theirfamousTalesfromShakespeare.Hisdramaticessays,SpecimensofEnglishDramaticPoets(1808),establishedhisreputationasacriticanddidmuchinrevivingthepopularityofEliza-bethendrama.TheEssaysofElla,publishedatintervalsinLondonMagazine,weregatheredtogetherandrepublishedintwoseries,thefirstin1823,thesecondtenyearslater.TheyestablishedLambinthetitlewhichhestillholds,thatofthemostdelightfulofEnglishessayists.II.Questionsoncontent:1.What,accordingtothewriter,makesgoodconversation?Whatspoilsit?Agoodconversationdoesnotreallystartfromanywhere,andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgo.Agoodconversationisnotformakingapoint.Argumentmayoftenbeapartofit,butthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.Whenpeoplebecomeseriousandtalkasiftheyhavesomethingveryimportanttosay,whentheyarguetoconvinceortowintheirpoint,theconversationisspoilt.2.Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch?Thewriterlikesbarconversationverymuchbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinpubsandisusedtothiskindofconversation.Barfriendsarecompanions,notintimates密友;挚友.Theyare2friendsbutnotintimateenoughtobecuriousabouteachother'sprivatelifeandthoughts.3.Doesagoodconversationneedafocalsubjecttotalkabout?No.Conversationdoesnotneedafocus.Butwhenafocal焦点的subjectappearsinthenaturalflowofconversation,theconversationbecomesvivid,livelyandmoreinteresting.4.WhydidthepeopletalkaboutAustralia?WhydidtheconversationturntoNormanEngland?ThepeopletalkedaboutAustraliabecausethespeakerwhointroducedthesubjectmentionedincidentallythatitwasanAustralianwhohadgivenhersuchadefinitionoftheKing'sEnglish.WhenthepeopletalkedabouttheresistanceinthelowerclassestoanyattemptbyanupperclasstolaydownrulesforEnglishasitshouldbespoken,theconversationmovedtoNormanEnglandbecauseatthattimealanguagebarrierexistedbetweentheSaxonpeasantsandtheNormanconquerors.5.Howdoestheuseofwordsshowclassdistinction?TheSaxonpeasantsandtheirNormanconquerorsuseddifferentwordsforthesamething.Forexamplesseeparagraph9.6.Canyouguessthewriter'sviewsonbilingualeducation?(para11)Thewriterseemstobeinfavorofbilingualeducation.Heisagainstanyformofculturalbarrierortheculturalhumiliationofanysectionorgroupofpeople.7.WhywasthetermQueen'sEnglishusedin1593andtheKing'sEnglish'in16027ThetermtheQueen'sEnglishwasusedin1953byNashbecauseatthattimethereigningmonarchwasaqueen,ElizabethI.ThetermtheKing'sEnglishisthemorecommonformbecausetherulingmonarchisgenerallyaking.ThosewhoarenotveryparticularmayusethetermtheKing'sEnglish,evenwhentherulingmonarchisaqueen.In1602,DekkerusedthetermtheKing'sEnglish,althoughthereigningmonarchwasstillQueenElizabeth.8.WhenwastheKing'sEnglishregardedasaformofracialdiscriminationinEngland?“TheKing’sEnglish”wasregardedasaform0fracialdiscriminationduringtheNormanruleinEnglandabout1154—1399．9.WhatistheattitudeofthewritertowardstheKing'sEnglish''?Thewriterthinks“theKing’sEnglish”isaclassrepresentationofreality．1tisworthtryingtospeak“theKing’sEnglish”，butitshouldnotbe1aiddownasanedict，andmadeimmunetochangefrombelow．TheKing’sEnglishisamodelarichandinstructiveone-butitoughtnottobeanultimatum最后通碟．10.Whatdoesthewritermeanwhenhesays,theKing'sEng