基于51单片机的大棚温湿度检测系统的设计与实现

I基于51单片机的大棚温湿度监测系统的设计与实现摘要：随着经济的快速发展，我国的农业产业结构发生了很大的变化，其中较为突出的是温室大棚种植业。鉴于大棚种植业在不同的季节都有较大的产量，所以越来越多的农民采用温室大棚种植蔬菜。温度、湿度和光照度的控制是温室大棚得到高产量的关键要素。若要测量温湿度和光照度，对于大量的大棚而言，仅靠温度测量计来实现，需要更多的人力和物力。随着农业的产业范围不断发展与扩大，采用这种传统测量大棚温湿度的方法，具有很大的局限性和不足之处。如今，自动监测棚内温湿度的装置被越来越多的用户采用。本文设计了基于STC89C52RC单片机的温室大棚温湿度监测系统，主要包括电路设计和软件设计等。该系统以单片机为核心通过数字温湿度传感器DTH11和光照传感器BH1750对大棚的温湿度和光照度进行数据采集。传感器将采集的数据传输给单片机，单片机根据收到的数据做出相应的分析和处理，其结果显示在LCD1602液晶显示屏上。如果超出预先设定的温湿度和光照度限制范围，单片机控制开启指示灯，同时控制对应的继电器驱动打开设备工作，使大棚温湿度值达到适宜的范围值。关键字：STC89C52RC单片机；数字温湿度传感器DTH11；光照传感器BH1750FVI；LCD1602液晶显示屏IIDesignandimplementationofthegreenhousetemperatureandhumiditydetectionsystembasedon51singlechipmicrocomputerAbstract:Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,greatchangeshavetakenplaceintheagriculturalindustryinourcountry,oneofthemoreprominentchangesisthegreenhouseplanting.Indifferentseasons,thegreenhouseplantinghasagreatproduction,moreandmorefarmersusegreenhousestogrowvegetables.Controllingoftemperature,humidityandilluminationarethekeyfactorsofhighproductioningreenhouse.Ifweneedtomeasurethetemperatureandillumination,itwillneedmoreman-powerandmaterialresourcesforalargenumberofgreenhouses.Withthedevelopmentandexpansionofagriculturalindustry,thetraditionalmethodsofmeasuringthetemperatureandhumiditywillhasmanylimitationsandshortcomings.Now,theautomaticmonitoringdeviceoftemperatureandhumidityisadoptedbymoreandmorefarmerintheshed.Inthispaper,thetemperatureandhumiditymonitoringsystemofgreenhousebasedonSTC89C52RCMCUaredesigned,mainlyincludingcircuitdesignandsoftwaredesign.Thesystemusesthesingle-chipmicrocomputerasthecorethroughthedigitaltemperatureandhumiditysensorDTH11andlightsensorBH1750tocollectthetemperatureandhumidityandlightintensityofthegreenhouse.ThedataarecollectedbythesensorfeedbacktotheMCUforthecorrespondinganalysisandprocessingaccordingtothereceiveddata,theresultsareshownontheLCD1602liquidcrystaldisplaymonitor.Ifbeyondthepresettemperature,humidityandlightintensitylimit,themicrocontrollercontrolopenindicatorlamp,whilecontrollingthecorrespondingrelaydrivetoopentheequipmentwork,sothatthegreenhousetemperatureandhumidityvaluestotheappropriaterangeofvalue.Keywords:-STC89C52RC-MCU;Digital-Temperature-and-Humidity-Sensor-DTH11;LlightSensorBH1750FVI;LCD1602LiquidCrystalDisplayMonitor1目录一、论文（设计）正文.................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。1绪论............................................................41.1选题背景与意义..............................................................................................41.2国内外研究现状..............................................................................................41.3主要研究内容..................................................................................................61.4论文结构........................................................................................................62总体分析与设计...................................................72.1可行性分析......................................................................................................72.2需求分析..........................................................................................................82.2.1系统需求.......................................................................................................82.2.2用户需求.......................................................................................................82.2.3功能需求.......................................................................................................92.2.4性能需求分析...............................................................................................92.3系统总体结构................................................................................................102.3.1系统设计要求.............................................................................................102.3.2系统结构分析.............................................................................................102.4系统实现原理................................................................................................113硬件部分设计....................................................123.1STC89C52单片机.........................................................................................123.1.1STC89C52的主要特性..............................................................................123.1.2STC89C52的引脚图..................................................................................123.1.3电源电路设计.............................................................................................133.1.4复位电路设计.............................................................................................143.1.5晶振电路设计.............................................................................................1523.1.6按键电路设计.............................................................................................153.1.7控制电路设计.............................................................................................163.2温湿度传感器.....................................................................................