Bront

PatrickBrontë(father)sixchildrenGirlgirlgirlboygirlgirlMariaBrontë(mother)Maria,theeldest,DiedattheageofelevenElizabeth,thesecondchild,diedattheageoftenCharlotte,thethirdchild,diedbeforereachingtheageof38PatrickBranwell,diedattheageof31.EmilyJane,diedattheageof30.Ann,diedattheageof29Theirfatherwasaclergyman(牧师；教士)atHaworth，Yorkshire.Whentheywereyoung，theBrontesistersweresenttoaschoolforclergymen'sdaughters.Theoldesttwodiedthereduetothepoorandunhealthyconditions.ThisexperienceinspiredthelaterportrayalofLowoodSchoolinthenovelJaneEyre.Afterthedeathoftheeldersisters，CharlotteandEmilywerebroughthometobeeducatedbytheirfather.Forsometime，theyworkedinaboardingschoolandsubsequently(后来)governesses(女家庭教师)inrichfamilies.Charlotteandhertwoyoungersistershadagreatfondnessforliterature.In1845appearedavolumeofpoetryentitled（以…命名）PoemsbyCarrer，EllisandActonBell（thepseudonyms（假名；笔名）ofCharlotte，EmilyandAnne），butreceivedlittleattention.Thenthethreesistersturnedtonovelwriting.1816-1855TheelderofthethreeBrontësisitersMainarticle:JaneEyre1816borninThornton,Yorkshire1821hermotherdied1824—1825ClergyDaughters'School1831—1832RoeHeadSchool(asastudent)1835—1838RoeHeadSchool(asateacher)1842—1844Brussels1847JaneEyre1854marriedwithBellNicholls1855diedon31MarchJaneEyreisapassionateexpressionoffemaleissuesandconcerns.WhenJanelearnsabouttheexistenceofRochester'smadwife,sheisdeterminedtoleavetheman,stumblinghomelessandaimlessthroughthedarknight,butasafreehumanbeingwithanindependentwill.Shecannotacceptbecomingamistress.TheinterludewithSt.JohnRiverspreparesforthefinalclimaxofthenovel.JaneisapassionatewomanandsheisnotreadytodedicateherlifetothereligiouscoursechosenbyRivers.AnimportantepisodeofthenovelisthatJanefinallybecomesrichfromtheinheritedmoneyyetRochesteriscompletelyruinedbythefiresetoffbyhismadwife.Thetraditionalrolesofhusbandandwifeseemtoreversecompletely.JanehasalltheadvantagesbutshegoesbacktoRochester,whoisfinanciallypoorandphysicallyblind.MarriageEducationAppearancessocietyandclassThesupernaturalMoralityandethicsForeignnessand“theother”Thehome1)Charlotte’snovelsareallaboutlonelyandneglectedyoungwomenwithafiercelongingforlifeandlove.2)Hernovelsaremoreorlessbasedonherownexperienceandfeelingsandthelifeassheseesaround.3)Althoughherobjectivedescriptionsaredetailedandexact,sheisasubjectivewriter.4)Herworksaremarkedwithanintensityofavolcanic(暴烈的)imaginationandfierypassionsandfeelings,suchasextremefear,despair,andlove,whichcanonlybeunderstoodasherown.JaneEyredisplayssomecharacteristicsofthegothicnovel:--Imprisonedwomen--Aheroinewhofacesdanger--Supernaturalinterventionsatcrucialmomentsintheplot--Aromanticreconciliation(和解;调和)1818－1848ThethirdeldestofthefoursurvivingBrontësiblingsMainarticle:WutheringHeights(呼啸山庄）1818borninthevillageofThornton,Yorkshire1821hermotherdied1824—1825ClergyDaughters'School1838-1839LawHillSchool（asateacher)1842Brussels(teachingmusic)1847WutheringHeights(呼啸山庄）1848diedon19DecemberThisnovelbeginsneartheendofthestory,whenMr.LockwoodvisitsWutheringHeightsandfindsHeathcliff,CathyandHaretonthere,involvesinatenserelationship.Graduallythenovelbringsthereaderbacktotheoriginsofthehatred.UpontheedgeofthemoorsatWutheringheightslivetheEarnshaws,anddowninthevalleyatThrushcrossGrangelivetheLintons.Mr.EarnshawbringshomefromLiverpoolthestrangechildHeathcliff.Ashegrowsup,hebringslove,jealousy,hatred,andrevengeintothetwofamilies.Toruinotherpeople’shappinessdosenotbringhimrealcomfort.Heathcliffeventuallydestroyshimself.RevengeLoveFamilyThesupernaturalSufferingSocietyandclassforeignnessandtheotherBetrayal1)Sheexpressesthefeelingsoftheherointermsofspiritualsuppress,tensionandconflictsandtheresulttowhichsuchafeelingwouldlead.2)Hernovelisuniqueinitsstructureanditsvision3)Inhernovel,thereisthecombinationofextremelysimple,austere(简朴的)andanadorned(修饰的)languagewiththemostmightyandintensifiedeffects(强大而有力的作用).ThenovelincludesGothicelements,withthehauntingsequencesHeathcliffveryobscure,mysterious,nobodyknowswherehecomesfromandhowhegetsrich1820–1849TheyoungestmemberofthethreeBrontesisitersMainarticle:TheTenantofWildfellHall（荒野庄园的房客）1820bornat74MarketStreetinThornton1821hermotherdied1840-1845governess1848TheTenantofWildfellHall（荒野庄园的房客）1849diedon28MayThisisAnneBrontë’sfirstnovel.Thoughitlackstheforceandcolorofhersister’snovels,theworkissensitivelyconstructed.Itnarrateswithsympathytheadventuresofalittlegovernesswhosuffersinthehousesoftherich.Agneslovesthecurateandtheyeventuallymarryhappily.Thenovelhassomedetaileddescriptionsofkindparents,naughtychildren,eloquentvicars,andcoarseuncles.TheTenantofWildfellHallisperhapsthemostshockingoftheBrontës'novels.Inseekingtopresentthetruthinliterature,Anne'sdepictionofalcoholismanddebaucherywasprofoundlydisturbingto19th-centurysensibilities.HelenGraham,thetenantofthetitle,intriguesGilbertMarkhamandgraduallysherevealsherpastasanartistandwifeofthedissipatedArthurHuntingdon.Thebook'sbrillianceliesinitsrevelationofthepositionofwomenatthetime,anditsmulti-l