过去分词及练习

1考点一、过去分词作定语1.单个过去分词作定语。单个过去分词作定语时，常常放在被修饰的词语之前。例如：Autumncomes,andtherearemanyfallenleavesonthestreet.Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.注意：如果单个过去分词所修饰的词语为不定代词nothing,anything,something或指示代词those,this,these等时，过去分词常常放在被修饰的词语后面。例如：Thereisnothingchangedinmyhometownsince1999.2.过去分词短语作定语。过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰的词语之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Mostoftheguestsinvitedtomybirthdaypartyweremyschoolfriends.=Mostoftheguestswhowereinvitedtomybirthdaypartyweremyschoolfriends.Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.注意区别：1.非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：thebridgetobebuilt将要建造的桥（表示将来的被动的动作）thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的被动动作）thebridgebuilt造好的桥（表示完成的被动动作）2.过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：boiledwater开水boilingwater正沸腾的水developedcountries发展的国家developingcountries发展中国家fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在飘落的叶子changedcondition改变了的情况changingcondition变化着的情况由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。考点二、过去分词作表语1.过去分词用作表语时，通常说明主语所处的状态或感受等。例如：InoticedthedoorsandwindowswerelockedwhenIcametoseehim.Sheseemedterriblyshockeduponhearingthesadnews.过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，修饰人；而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，修饰物.如：Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶Thenewsisverysurprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;exciting,excited;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;worrying,worried;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;2astonishing,astonished等。实战演练：1.Thewaterinthisglassistoohot.Iprefersomecold_____water.A.toboilB.havingboiledC.boiledD.boiling2.Theproblemjust________isanimportantone.A.tobereferredtoB.referredtoC.referringtoD.referred3.——Amanwaskilled.——Whereisthebodyofthe________man?A.murderB.murderedC.murderingD.havingmurdered4.ChinaDaily,first_________in1980,isverypopularwithstudentsofEnglishinChina.A.publishedB.waspublishedC.havingpublishedD.havingbeenpublished5.Thegreathallwascrowdedwithmanypeople,________manychildren________ontheirparentslaps.A.including;seatedB.including;seatingC.including;satD.included;sitting6.——HowdidBobdointheexamthistime?——Well,hisfatherseems______withhisresults.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease7.Pricesofdailygoods_______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying8.——What’sthemainpurposeoftonight’smeeting?——Wearegoingtotalkabouttheproblem_______atthelastmeeting.A.discussedB.discussingC.beingdiscussedD.havingdiscussed9.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written10.——Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?——Thekey________theproblemistomeetthedemand________bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;madeKey:1~5CBBAA6~10CBADB考点三过去分词作宾语补足语及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是过去分词动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。常见的情况有下列几种：一、表示“致使”意义的动词。如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Don'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。(4)Hemanagedtogetthetaskfinishedontime.他设法按时完成了任务。注意：使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天理发了。Lateronthecenterhadagreatmanynewtreesplanted.后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。Hehadoneeyelostinthewar.在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。【高考链接】1.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish______inashortperiod.(福建卷)A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve2.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.(全国II卷)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard二、表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think，find等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。3Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。Shesawthewoundedmancarriedintothehospital.她看到这个受伤的男人被抬进了医院。【高考链接】TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan.(2008江苏卷)A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak三、表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done如：Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned【高考链接】Shewantsherpaintings______inthegallery,butwedontthinktheywouldbeverypopular.(上海)A.displayB.todisplayC.displayingD.displayed四、with/without+宾语+过去分词，表示伴随情况的独立结构。如：Witheverythingtakenintoconsideration,weallthinkthisisaverygoodplan.每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。Withdifferentmethodsused,differentresultsareobtained.采用不同的方法，得到不同的结果。Shewentangrilyawaywithoutawordspoken.她一个字也没说，就生气地走了。Thedayendedwithnothingsettled.那一天什么也没解决就结束了。【高考链接】1.Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace_______herfootwoundedsomuch.(2008福建卷)A.forB.whenC.withD.while2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwith