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中考英语单项选择相关讲解几组近义动词和动词词组辨析1.几个“花费”:spend,take,pay,cost.(1)spend多用人作主语,后接金钱或时间。spend…onsth/(in)doingsth,例如:Ispent15yuanonthisnewbook.(2)take常用于Ittakessb.sometimetodosth句型中,例如:Itoftentakesmehalfanhourtogotoschoolbybikeeveryday.(3)pay常与for连用,表“付给……款”。例如:Ipaid15Yuanforthisnewbook.(4)cost常用物作主语,表“价值或花费多少钱”,例如:Thisnewbookcostme15Yuan.2.几个“看”:look,see,watch,read,find(1)look看,表动作,lookat。例如:Pleasedon’tlookoutofthewindow.(2)see看见,表结果;也可说看电影“seeafilm”。例如:Hisfathersawhimsittingonsomeeggs.(3)watch观看比赛、演出、电视等。(4)read读书看报等文字材料。例如:Myfatherisreadingnewspapernow.3.几个与“看”有关的词或词组:lookfor,find,findout,lookafter,takecareof,lookover,lookforwardto,(1)lookfor寻找,表过程;find发现,找到,表结果;findout找出,查明。例如:Ilookedformylostpeneverywhere,butcouldn’tfinditanywhere.(2)lookafter,takecareof均表示“照看,照顾”。(3)lookover检查身体等。(4)lookforwardto盼望……,期待……。例如:Iamlookingforwardtoyourletter.ShelooksforwardtogoingtovisithergrandparentsinDalian.4.几个“说”:say,speak,talk,tell(1)say接说话的内容,作及物动词。saysthtosb.对某人说某事。例如:Didyousaygoodbyetoyourgranny?(2)speak常指能说某种语言,打电话时常用它表示说话,也有“演讲”的意思,不强调说话的内容。例如:WecanspeakChineseandEnglish.MayIspeaktoHenry?Hewillspeakatthemeetingtonight.(3)talk多是不及物动词,指交谈、谈论;做名词时有演讲、报告之意。例如:Theyaretalkingabouttheirfriendsnow.Iwilltalktoyourfatheraboutyourhealthnexttime.Mr.Zhangisgoingtogiveusatalkatthemeeting.(4)tell的意思是“告诉某人……;讲述……;吩咐某人做……”。多为及物动词,后面多接两个宾语。例如:Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashecomesbacktomorrow.Grannyoftentellsmefunnystories.Thepolicemantoldusnottoplayfootballinthestreetagain.5.几个“穿,戴”:puton,wear,dress,in(1)puton指“穿上、戴上”的意思,强调动作,代词多放在中间。例如:Hereisyourcoat.Putiton,Lucy.Heputonhisnewpairofsunglassesandwentout.(2)wear指“穿着,戴着”,表示状态。例如:-“Whatisshewearing?”-“She’swearingaredhatandabluejacket.”(3)dress指“给某人穿衣服”,其宾语多是人。例如:Mymotherisdressingherself.Mylittlebrotheristooyoung.Momdresseshimeverymorning.dressup指“穿上盛装,打扮”(4)in后多接衣服的颜色,表示“穿着……颜色衣服的”。例如:Themaninblackismyfather.Haveyouseenaboyinaredsweater?6.几个“到达”:reach,arrivein/at,getto(1)reach是个及物动词,它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。例如:WereachedShanghaiateightonMonday.(2)arrive是个不及物动词,后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at(在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in,较小的地方或单位前用at)。例如:WehavealreadyarrivedinShanghai.Theyarrivedatschoolat6:30yesterday.(3)getto表示到达,多用于口语中。例如:IgottotheCapitalCinemaat9:00.注意:当表示到达here,there,home时,arrive或get后不要加介词。例如:Whendidyougethome?Whenwillyouarrivethere?7.几个“带、拿”:bring,take,get,carry(1)bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。例如:You’dbetterfinishyouhomeworktodayandbringittoschooltomorrow.MayIbringTomalong?Bringthebooktome,please.(2)take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到”离说话人较远处。例如:Couldyoutakethebooktotheclassroom?Iambusynow.(3)get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如:Willyougetthatbookforme?(4)carry不强调动作来去的方向,只说明动作方式,表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如Thebusesandtaxisarecarrypeoplehereandthere.Theboxissoheavythatthelittleboycan’tcarryit.8.几个与“听”有关的词或词组:listento,hear,hearof,hearfrom(1)listento听……,表示听的动作。(2)hear听见,听到。表示结果。例如:Ilistenedtothespeakercarefully,butIcouldn’thearanything.(3)hearof听说……。例如:Haveyouheardofthisnews?(4)hearfrom收到某人的信息或来信。例如:IheardfrommyfriendinAustralialastweek.9.beat和win(1)beat表示“赢”或“打败”,后面要接被打败的对手。例如:Ourfootballteambeattheirsby3to1.(2)win用作及物动词时,后面接的不是被打败的对手,而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次等。例如:Ourfootballteamwonthefootballgameby3to1.10.rise和raise(1)rise是不及物动词,表示“上升、提高、增长”等。例如:Thesunrisesintheeast.Ourcountry’sinternationalprestige(国际声望)isrisingcontinually.(2)raise是及物动词,表示“举起、抬起”。Heraisedhishandpickedanapple.11.borrow,lend和keep(1)borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西,常与介词from连用。例如:MayIborrowsomemoneyfromyou?Youcanborrowbooksfromthelibrary.(2)lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人,常与介词to连用。例如:Couldyoulendmesomemoney?Thelibrarylendsbookstothestudents.(3)keep表示“保存”,与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如:HowlongmayIkeepthebook?Ihavekeptthebookfor3weeks.12.receive和accept(1)receive的意思是“收到了……”,只表示收到某物,并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。例如:Ireceivedagiftfromher,butIreturneditbacktoherthismorning.(2)accept表示“接受……”,“同意接纳……”。如接受物体、邀请、批评等。Hereceivedaninvitationfromherandacceptedithappily.13.answer与reply(1)answer意为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等,多作及物动词。例如:Whocananswermyquestion?Icalledyou,butnooneansweredthetelephone.(2)reply意为“回答、答复”,是不及物动词,后需加介词to,at等再加宾语。例如:Hedidn’twanttoreplytomyquestions.14.hope与expect(1)hope指主观上的愿望,但在客观上不一定有实现的可能性,常接that从句、动词不定式或以介词for引出的短语。例如:Ihopeyouwillcometoseemeagainwhenyouare100yearsold.Hopeforthebestandpreparefortheworst.(2)expect着重指客观上有可能实现的“期待、期望”等,其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句。例如:Iamexpectingthatyouwillcomesoon.Sheisexpectingaletterfromhim.15.lie和lay(1)lie有多个意思:表示“躺;展示;位于”时,其变化是:lay,lain,lying;表示“说谎”时,其变化是:lied,lied,lying例如:Isawanoldmanlyingonthestreet.Don’tbelievehim.Healwayslies.(2)lay的含意是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是:laid,laid,laying.Ican’tfindmybookanywhere.IrememberthatIlaiditonthedesklastnight.习题精选1.Shehasthelibrarybookfortwoweeks.A.keptB.lentC.borrowedD.keeping2.–“HowtolearnEnglishwell,MissRead?”–“First,trytoEnglishinandoutofclassasmuchaspossible.A.sayB.talkC.tellD.speak3.It’shothere.Whynotyourcoat?A.takeoffB.dressupC.tryonD.puton4.Westartearlytomorrowmorningtothetopofthehillbeforethesunrises.A.spendB.reachC.goD.get5.Iamthirsty,pleasemeabottleofwater.A.takeB.carryC.pullD.bring6.Mothersaidthatcookingmuchtimeeveryday.A.paidB.tookC.madeD.spent7.Peopleusually“hel
本文标题:中考英语单项选择题-部分知识点讲解
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