高考英语时态语态

高考英语时态语态的考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词的被动语态。5、系动词的用法特点。6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。•时态共有四种体（form）:完成体、一般体、进行体和完成进行体。•时间(time)也有四种：现在、过去、将来和过去将来。最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while过去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next…,tomorrow,in…过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作16种时态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在过去将来过去将来study/studiesam（is,are）studyinghave(has)studiedhave(has)beenstudyingstudiedwas(were)studyinghadstudiedhadbeenstudyingwill(shall)studywill(shall)bestudyingwill(shall)havestudiedwill(shall)havebeenstudyingwould(should)studywould(should)bestudyingwould(should)havestudiedwould(should)havebeenstudying•1．一般现在时的特点：表惯性动作、表目前状态、表真理或(已故)重要人物的观点、表将来、表传媒或艺术作品的现时性等。•Everybodyeats,drinks,andsleepseveryday.(表惯性动作)•Thepooroldladyalwaystellsusthesamestoryeverytimeshemeetsus.(表惯性动作)•Theoldfolkliveinthedistantarea.(表目前状态)•Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(表真理)•I’llshowyouthepicturethemomentyoucome.(表将来)•CaoXueqinistheauthorofthegreatnovel,“TheRedMansion”.（表艺术作品的现时性）•Whendothetrainsleave?（表将来）•1：I_____ping-pongballquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play•(答案：D)•2：TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle___theyknowaboutGerman.A.haveB.didC.hadD.do•(答案：D)/'mænʃ(ə)n/大厦；宅邸•2．一般过去时的特点：表过去时段的惯性动作、代替过去将来时（在部分状语从句中）、表过去某个时段的状态或动作等。•WhenMarywasinEngland,sheoftenwenttotheMuseum.(表过去时段的惯性动作)•Hetoldmethattheywouldnotgooutforswimmingifitrainedtomorrow.(代替过去将来时)•FatherusedtotellusastoryaftersupperwhenmybrotherandIwereyoung.(强调对比)•1：I_____younottomovemydictionary－nowIcan’tfindit.A.askedB.askC.wasaskingD.hadasked•(答案：A)•2：Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassayingsoI’mafraidI_____halfofit.A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed•(答案：D)•3．现在进行时的特点:表正在发生的动作、表将来、表情绪色彩、表现阶段发生的惯性动作等。•频度副词always,constantly,continually和forever等和进行时连用时，给现在或过去的动作披上一层感情色彩，并不强调动作在进行。表示讨厌、不满，带有埋怨情绪，指责某人一贯的行径，如：•Heisforeverboasting.他老爱说大话。表示称赞对方一贯表现的，如：•Youarealwaysdoingwell.你总是干得很不错。•It’snowrainingoutside.(表正在发生的动作)•LiuHuanisgivingapopconcertinBeijingnextmonth.(表将来)•Youarealwaysforgettingmyname!(表情绪色彩)•Heiswalkingupanddowntheroom.（表现阶段发生的惯性动作）•1：—Areyoustillbusy?—Yes,I______mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A．justfinishB．amjustfinishingC．havejustfinishedD．amjustgoingtofinish•(答案：B)•2：Becausetheshop_____,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown•(答案：C)用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.注意比较It’stimethat…结构：Itishightimethatwewenttoschool.•2）Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it’sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.BD•4．过去进行时的特点:表过去某时刻的正在发生的动作、表过去某阶段正在发生的动作、代替过去将来时、表示对比或原因。•Shewasdoingherhomeworkwhenhermothercamehomeafterworkintheevening.(表过去某时刻的正在发生的动作)•Hewaswritinganovellastmonth.(表过去某阶段正在发生的动作)•Tomsaidthathewasgoingforthepicnicontheriverside.(代替过去将来时)•1：－WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?－Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_____totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstarting•(答案：D)•2：—What’swrongwithyourcoat?—JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome_____onit.A.satB.hadsatC.hadbeensittingD.wassitting•(答案：D)•5．一般将来时的特点：表纯粹将来(一定会做)、表计划将来（打算去做）、表意愿将来（愿意去做）等。•SeniorBushwillretirefromhisworknextyear.(表纯粹将来)•Thegraduatesaretogobacktocollegenextweek.(表计划将来)•Iwillloveyoutilltheendoftime.(表意愿将来)•1：---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.A．I'llgoB．I'vegoneC．IgoD．I'mgoing•(答案：A)•2：－DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?－Oh,no,Iforgot.I______hernow.A．willbecallingB．willcallC．callD．amtocall•(答案：B)•6．现在完成时的特点:表业已发生的动作或存在的状态、在某些状语从句中表将来或将来完成时、用于某些特殊的句型或结构。•a)注意标志性时间状语问题（现在完成时的时间状语可分为两种：•其一为精确性时间状语：for,inthepast/lastyear,since等；•其二为模糊性时间状语:before,now,today,recently,lately,already等等。）•b)另外还要注意动词的时间分类问题（瞬间动词和延续动词与时间状语的搭配问题）•Mr.SmithhastaughtEnglishfornearlythirtyyears.(表某一动作的延续至说话时止)•Don’tgetoffthetrainuntilithasstopped.(表将来)•ThisisthebestbeerthatIhavedrunk.(特殊结构)•ItisthesecondtimethatIhavecometoEngland.(特殊句型)•1：Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingI_____before.A．washavingB．haveC．haveeverhadD．hadeverhad•(答案：C)•2:Morepatients_____inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated•(答案：D)•3:Yearsagowedidn'tknowthis,butrecentscience_____thatpeoplewhodon'tsleepwellsoongetill.A.showedB.hasshownC.willshowD.isshowing•(答案：B)•7．过去完成时