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中考英语分词用法讲解1、分词作定语分词前置Wecanseetherisingsun.我们可以看到东升的旭日Heisaretiredworker.他是位退休的工人分词后置(i分词词组;ii个别分词如given,left;iii修饰不定代词something等)Therewasagirlsittingthere.有个女孩坐在那里Thisisthequestiongiven.这是所给的问题Thereisnothinginteresting.没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.典型例题1)Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written答案D.书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被动,相当于定语从句whichiswritten2)What'sthelanguage____inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak答案B.主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language,spoken与language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:What'sthelanguage(whichis)spokeninGerman?2、分词作状语AsIdidn'treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.-Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.-Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。典型例题1)_____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed答案B.Napoleon与follow之间有被动的含义。beingfollowed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进行之意。followedby(被…跟随)。本题可改为:Withsomeofficialsfollowing,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.2)Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed答案B.由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在分词。3)_______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat答案C.本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句Whenitisheated,…注意:选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。(Being)usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。3、连词+分词(短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。连词有:when,while,ifthough,after,before,as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个,如:Whilewaitingthere,hesawtwoprettygirlscomeoutofthebuilding.waiting和saw的主语相同。4、分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如:Ifoundmycarmissing.我发现我的车不见了。I'llhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下5、分词作表语现在分词:表示主动,正在进行过去分词:表示被动,已经完成Shelookedtiredwithcooking.她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.他依然站在桌旁。6、分词作插入语其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generallyspeaking一般说来talkingof(speakingof)说道strictlyspeaking严格的说judgingfrom从…判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。(speaking并不是dogs的动作)7、分词的时态1)与主语动词同时,Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。典型例题Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing答案B.此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和waspreparing。只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。2)先于主动词Whilewalkinginthegarden,hehurthisleg.在花园里散步时他伤了腿。分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用havingdone。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.=Ashehadfinishedhishomework,hewentout.做完作业后,他出去了。典型例题___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived答案C.本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not+分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Becausehehadnotreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.8、分词的语态1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:Heisthemangivingyouthemoney.(=whogaveyou…)他就是给你钱的那个人。Heisthemanstoppedbythecar.(=whowasstoppedby…)他就是那个被车拦住的人。2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned例:awell-readperson.一个读过许多书的人amuch-travelledmay一个去过许多地方的人aburnt-outmatch烧完了的火柴
本文标题:中考英语分词用法讲解
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