2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解D篇(全国一卷)(个人整理)(1)

2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解D篇（一）Anewstudyshowsthatrisinglevelsofplanet-warminggasesmayreduceimportantnutrientsinfoodcrops.Researchersstudiedtheeffectsofonesuchgas—carbondioxide—onrice.Theresearchersgrewriceplantsinacontrolledenvironment.Theysetcarbondioxidelevelstowhatscientistsarepredictingforourplanetbytheendofthecentury.Theyfoundthattheresultingricecropshadlowerthannormallevelsofvitamins,mineralsandprotein.Theresearcherssaidtheeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthepoorestcitizensinsomeoftheleastdevelopedcountries.Thesepeoplegenerallyeatthemostriceandhavetheleastcomplexdiets,theynoted.Intheexperiment,scientistsgrew18kindsofriceinfieldsinChinaandJapan.Theypumpedcarbondioxidegasovertheplantsinanefforttocreatetheatmosphereofthefuture.Ricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionshad,onaverage,13to30percentlowerlevelsoffourBvitaminsand10percentlessprotein.Thecropsalsohad8percentlessironand5percentlesszinc（锌）anricegrownundernormalconditions.However,vitaminElevelsincreasedbyabout13percentonaverage.Theresultsarebadnews,“especiallyforthenutritionofthepoorerpopulationinless-developedcountries,”saidtheUniversityofTokyo’sKazuhikoKobayashi,whohelpedtowritethereport.Thatincludesabout600millionpeopleinIndonesia,Cambodia,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Laosandothernations,mainlyinSoutheastAsia,thereportsaid.OneofthescientistsisSamMyersofHarvardUniversityintheAmericanstateofMassachusetts.Hesaidthatfindingslikethisareanexampleofthesurprisesclimatechangecreate.“Myconcernistherearemanymoresurprisestocome,”hesaid.Myersnotedthatpollution,lossofsomespecies,destructionofforests,andotherhumanactivitiesarelikelytoproduceunexpectedproblems.Hesaidthatyoucannotcompletelychangeallthenaturalsystemsthatlivingorganismshavegrowntodependonovermillionsofyearswithouthavingeffectscomebacktoaffectourownhealth.Thenewstudysuggestsawaytolowerthenutritionalharmofclimatechange.Oneway,Kobayashisaid,isgrowdifferentformsofricethathaveshowntobemoreresistanttohighercarbondioxidelevels.32.Whichcountywouldbeinfluencedmostbyplanet-warminggasesaccordingtothetext?A.ChinaB.MyanmarC.AmericaD.Britain33.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Bycomparison.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byanalyzingcauses.D.Bydescribingaprocess.34.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?A.Climatechangewillbedifficulttopredict.B.Climatechangewillleadtomoregoodeffects.C.Climatechangewillbeharmfultoenvironment.D.Climatechangewillcausemoreunexpectedproblems.35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Myerssaidwecouldchangeallthenaturalsystemsforthesakeofourhealth.B.Thepoorestpeopleinalltheleastdevelopedcountrieswouldbeinfluencedmost.C.Theresearchersgrew18kindsofriceinChinaandJapaninacontrolledenvironment.D.Proteininricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionsisincreasedby10percent.BADC（二）Plantsareboring.Theyjustsitthere(光合作用)whileanimalshaveallthefun.Right?Notsomuch.Anewstudyhasfoundthatthereisalonghistoryofinteractionsbetweenantsandplants.Theantandplantco-evolution(协同进化)startedwithantsfeedingonplantsandplantsevolvingant-friendlyfeatures.Plantsmakeanumberofdifferentstructuresthatarespecificforantuse.Someplantshaveevolvedfeaturesthatpersuadeantsintodefendingthemfromattackfromotherinsectsandevenmаmmаlѕ.Тhеѕеіnсludеhollowthornsthatаntѕwillliveіnѕіdе,orехtranесtаr(琼浆)оnlеаvеѕorstemsfortheantstoeat.Someantswilljustcheatandtakethenectarandrun,butsomewillstickaroundandattackanythingthattriestohurttheplant.Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaround,byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.Theantwillpickuptheseedandcarryitaway,eatthefoodpacket,andleavetheseed-ofteninanutrient-richareawhereit'llgrowbetter,andsinceit'sfartherawayfromitsparent,theywon'thavetocompeteforresources.Butscientistsweren'tsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted.Ifevolutionisanarmsracebetweenspeciesdevelopingwaystomakeuseoftheirneighbors,thenscientistswantedtoknowwhetherplantsorantsfiredthefirstshot.Itwasachicken-and-eggquestion,whetherthingsstartedwithantsdevelopingbehaviorstotakeadvantageofplants,orplantsevolvingstructurestotakeadvantageofants.Thehistoryofantsandplantsevolvingtogethergoesbacktothetimeofthedinosaurs,andit'snoteasytotellfromfossilswhofiredthefirstshot.However,itisaquestionoflittlesignificance.Scientistssaytheirstudymatersbecauseitprovidesalookathowthesewidespreadandcomplexinteractionsevolved.32．Someplantsattachfoodpacketstotheirseedsinorderto.A．rewardtheantsB．gettheseedsmovedaroundC．makeafoolofantsD．providenutritionfortheseeds33．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A．Howplantsandantsinteract.B．Whatantsdotoprotectplants.C．Howplantsandantssurviveattacks.D．Whyplantsandantsneedco-evolution.34．Whichistrueabouttheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplants?A．Antsdependedmoreuponplants.B．Itcausedaraceforbetterevolution.C．Howitgotstartedwasuncertain.D．Itwasoflittlevalueforfuturestudies.35．What'stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Tointroduceascienceresearchmethod.B．ToinformreadersofalatestresearchfindingC．Toarousereaders'interestinscienceresearch.D．Tocriticizepeople'straditionalview