英语写作Ⅱ-summary-writing

SectionTwoObjectivesAfterStudyingtheunit,thestudentsshouldbeableto:WriteasummarySummaryWritingⅠ.DefinitionAsummaryisabriefrestatementofessentialthoughtofalongercomposition.brief:★asummarycan’tcovereverythingandmustbeshorterthanoriginalwriting;★usuallyitincludesthethesisandthemainsupportingpoints.restatement:★itreproducesfaithfullythethemeoftheoriginalinourownwords;★oneshouldnotinterpretorcomment;★Allonehastodoistogivethegistoftheauthor’sexactandessentialmeaning.Essential:★itgivesthemaininformationaboutapieceofwritingorspeech;★usuallyitincludesthethesisandthemainsupportingpoints.ⅡCharacteristicsofaSummary1.LengthAsummaryshouldusuallybeaboutone-fourthtoone-thirdaslongastheoriginalpassage.★Youmayusefewerwordsthanthenumberprescribed,butinnocasemayyouexceedthelimit.2.PointofViewUsethethirdpersonpointofview3.Tone:objectiveandimpersonalDon’texpressourownideas,butfaithfullyrepresentstheideasoftheoriginalwriting.4.CoverallthemaininformationYourreaderneednoreferencetotheoriginaltounderstandwhatitsmainideasare.5.Followthelogicalorderoftheoriginalpassage,ifpossible(anddesirable).Ideasandfactsneednotberearranged.6.Usecompletesentences7.UseourownwordsUsedifferentwordswiththeoriginalone.Don’tcopythelanguage.8.Usequotationifyoucitesomeimportantwordsoftheoriginalarticle9.Usepresenttensetoreportthegeneralideasandusepasttensetorefertopastexperiences.10.Summarywritingisanexerciseincompression.Inwritingasummary,weshould:---omitthedetails.---reducetheexamples.---simplifythedescriptions.---eliminateallrepetitions.10.(continuing)---compresswordysentencesandchangephrasestowords.e.g.Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.→Hewasverybraveinbattle.e.g.Theyactedinamannerthatrenderedthemliabletoprosecution.→Theyactedillegally.10.(continuing)---Usegeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwordse.g.ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.→Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadduringthevacation.10.(continuing)---Usetheshortestpossibletransitions.e.g.But,then,thus,yet,andfor(atthesametime,ontheotherhand,etc.)10.(continuing)---Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.ⅢHowtoWriteaSummary1.Readandunderstandthesource2.Underlinethethesisstatementandthemainsupportingpoints→Weshoulddecidewhatpartsareessentialandwhatpartsarecomparativelyunimportantandcanbeomittedwithoutmuchloss.3.Writethesummary→beginthesummarybymentioningtheauthor,thearticle’stitleandtheauthor’sthesis;→statethesupportingpointsonebyone;→revise.ⅣSomeUsefulExpressionsandStructures----refertop109ⅤAnalyzesample3(P111)ⅥExercise1onP117.Thisarticletalksaboutthereasonswhystudentscheatinexams.Studentscheatinexamsbymanywayseventhoughtheywillhavetofaceseverepunishmentiftheyarecaught.Theauthorthinkstherearethreemainreasons.Themostimportantreasonisthefearoffailure.Thosestudentsaregreatlyworriedthatiftheyfailnotonlytheirrelationshipwiththeirparentsandfriendswillbeaffectedbutalsotheir“educationalfuture.”(continuing)Thesecondreasonisthatsomestudentsarenotconfidentanddon’tthinktheycanpasstheexam.Thelastreasonisthatsomestudentsjustwanttochallengetheschoolrulesto“showofftotheirfriends”.Theytakerisksforpleasure.Althoughtheauthordoesn’tseeanyeffectivemeanstostopstudentscheatinginexams,headvisesstudentstothink“Isitworthbeingcaughtandgettingpunished.”(141words)谢谢！