International-Supply-Chain-Management国际供应链管理

©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.•InternationalSupplyChainManagement©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.InternationalSupplyChainManagement•HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogistics•DefinitionofLogisticsandSupplyChainManagement•DefinitionofInternationalLogistics•DefinitionofInternationalSupplyChainManagement•ElementsofInternationalLogistics•TheEconomicImportanceofLogistics•TheEconomicImportanceofInternationalLogistics©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.InternationalSupplyChainManagement•HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogistics•DefinitionofLogisticsandSupplyChainManagement•DefinitionofInternationalLogistics•DefinitionofInternationalSupplyChainManagement•DefinitionofElementsofInternationalLogistics•TheEconomicImportanceofLogistics•TheEconomicImportanceofInternationalLogistics©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogisticsFramework•Theterm“Logistics”isbasedonthephysicalmovementofgoods.•Themoderninterpretationoftheterm“logistics”hasitsoriginsinthemilitary.•Businesslogisticsincludealltheactivitiesrelatedtothephysicalmovementofgoods(upstreamanddownstream)andrelatedpaperwork.©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogisticsTheEarly,SlowDays•Veryearlyinternationallogisticiansweretraderswhoboughtandsoldgoodsinternationally(SilkRoad,forexample).•Astradeexpanded,internationallogisticsgrew.•Intheearlydays,internationallogisticianswereconcernedaboutmakingsurethatthegoodsarrivedingoodconditionandatthelowestpossiblecost.©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogisticsTheMoveTowardSpeed•Theadventofcontainersinoceantrades(mostly1960sand1970s)loweredtransittimessubstantially.•Internationalairshipmentsbecameanincreasingpercentageofallshipmentsinthe1980s:thenumberofdestinationsservedbyairlinesgrew.airshipmentsbecameincreasinglycostcompetitivewithsurfacealternatives.©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogisticsTheEmphasisonCustomerSatisfaction•Inthe1980s,withveryhighinterestrates,companiesshiftedtheiremphasistoinventoryreductions.•Internationallogisticiansbecameevermorefocusedontransittimesinordertominimizeinventorycosts,raisingtheexpectationsofcustomers.•Fastdeliverytimesfacilitatedtheadoptionofdifferentinventorymanagementtechniques:Just-In-TimeMRPMRPII©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogisticsTheEmphasisonCustomerSatisfaction•Just-In-TimeAmanagementphilosophythatconsistsofplanningthemanufacturingandshipmentofgoodsinsuchawaythattheyareproducedanddeliveredjustbeforetheyareneededinthenextstepoftheassemblyprocess.IntheUS,JITisoftenaccomplishedwiththeadoptionofMRPandMRPIIsystems.©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogisticsTheEmphasisonCustomerSatisfaction•MaterialsRequirementPlanning(MRP)Acomputer-basedmanagementtoolthatallowsamanufacturingfirmtodeterminewhattoproduce,andinwhichquantity,infunctionofwhatitsellstoitscustomers.•ManufacturingResourcesPlanning(MRPII)Acomputer-basedmanagementtoolthatusesMRPatitscore,andthatincludesotherfunctionsinthefirm,suchasfinanceandmarketing.©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.InternationalSupplyChainManagement•HistoricalDevelopmentofInternationalLogistics•DefinitionofLogisticsandSupplyChainManagement•DefinitionofInternationalLogistics•DefinitionofInternationalSupplyChainManagement•ElementsofInternationalLogistics•TheEconomicImportanceofLogistics•TheEconomicImportanceofInternationalLogistics©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.DefinitionofLogisticsandSupplyChainManagementLogistics“Logisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers'requirements.”©2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.DefinitionofLogisticsandSupplyChai