International-Business-Law-Chapter-1

InternationalBusinessLawObjectives:TounderstandthelegalaspectsofinternationalbusinesstransactionsContents:therulesandnormsthatregulatetheperson-to-personrelationshipbetweentwopartiestransactingbusinessacrossnationalborders.InternationalBusinessLawImportantlegalEnglishterms:1.norms:标准，规范，法则，规则，准则。该词一般指组织或惯例中的准则或规则，不指立法机关所制定的法律。2.law:法律，法令。该词较常用，主要指由最高当局制定、由立法机构通过或由习惯认可而由法院执行的法律。3.code:法典、法规。着重指集体的法规，如civilcode,criminalcode.4.regulation:条例，规则，规章。主要表示用以指导、管理或控制某系统或某组织的规则或原则。5.rules:规则，规章。指团体的规章、条例或比赛规则，常与regulation互换使用。InternationalBusinessLawImportantlegalEnglishterms:6.provision:规定，规范。指具体部门所制定的规定。7.procedures:程序，办法。主要指具体部门或行业为实施某法律制订的具体步骤。8.institutions:制度，法律，法令；公共机构。该词主要表示制度、公共机构或诉讼的提起。9.ruleoflaw:法治。10.legaldoctrines:法律理论。11.legalvalidity:法律效力。InternationalBusinessLawImportantlegalEnglishterms:lawyer,attorney,solicitor,barrister,counselLawyerisageneralwordforsomeonewhohasprofessionaltraininginlegalworkorwhoisanexpertinthelaw.InAmericanEnglish,thewordattorneyisoftenusedinstead,especiallyinlegalorofficiallanguageandespeciallytorefertoalawyerwhorepresentspeopleincourt.InBritishEnglish,thereisadifferencebetweenasolicitor,whogiveslegaladviceandprepareslegaldocuments,andabarrister,whorepresentspeopleincourt.InbothAmericanandBritishEnglish,someone’scounselisthelawyerorgroupoflawyerswhorepresentthemincourt.ChapterOneIntroductiontoInternationalBusinessLaw1.1DefinitionofInternationalBusinessLaw1.2SourcesofInternationalBusinessLaw1.3MajorLegalSystemsoftheWorld1.4LegalRiskofInternationalBusinessTransactions1.5ContentsofInternationalBusinessLawCaseStudyChapterOneIntroductiontoInternationalBusinessLawKeyTerms1.CivilLaw:民法2.CommonLaw:普通法3.Precedent:先例4.Internationalbusinesslaw:国际商法5.CISG:联合国国际货物买卖合同公约6.Tradecustomandusage:行业惯例与习惯1.1DefinitionofInternationalBusinessLaw1.1.1DefiningInternationalBusinessLawInternationalbusinesslaw,alsocalledinternationalcommerciallaw,referstothebodyoflegalrulesandnormsthatregulatesinternationalcommercialtradeandinternationalbusinessorganizations.（国际商法是指调整国际商事交易和国际商事组织的法律规范的总称。）1.1DefinitionofInternationalBusinessLaw1.1.2Meaningof“International”Atleastoneelementamongthesubject,theobjectandthecontentofaninternationalcommercialrelationshipisacrossnationalborders.Acommercialtransactionisinternationalif:(1)thepartieshavetheirplacesofbusinessindifferentStatesorCountries;(2)thepartieshavetheirnationalitiesfromdifferentcountries;(3)thecommercialactivitiesareperformedinaStateorDistrictoutsidetheCountryorCountriesofoneormoreparties;(4)theobjectofthecommercialrelationshipislocatedinaStateorDistrictoutsidetheCountryorCountriesofoneormoreparties.theparties:当事人1.1DefinitionofInternationalBusinessLaw1.1.3Meaningof“Commercial”abroadinterpretationofcommerciality:aninternationaltransactionwhichiseconomicincharacterwillbeconsideredtobecommercialUNCITRALModelLawonInternationalCommercialArbitration《联合国国际商事仲裁示范法》factoring（保付代理）：避免出口收汇风险的方法－－保理，是保付代理(Factoring)的简称，也叫保收代理，是保理商（通常是银行或金融机构）向出口人提供进口人的资信调查，承担100%的信用风险担保应收帐款的催收和追偿、资金融通和财务管理的一种综合性财务服务。具体做法：出口人事先与保理商签订运输单据径直寄交进口人，而将应收帐款的单据卖给保理商，由保理商通过其在进口地的手续费，将货款交给出口人。1.2SourcesofInternationalBusinessLawSources(渊源)：法的渊源是指法律产生的依据及其表现形式。SourcesofInternationalBusinessLaw:internationalconventionsandtreaties,internationalcustomsandusages,andnationalbusinesslaws1.2.1InternationalTreatiesandConventionsTreatiesarebindingagreementsunderinternationallawenteredintobyactorsininternationallaw,namelystatesandinternationalorganizations.（国际条约简称条约，是指两个或两个以上的国际法主体之间依照国际法缔结的据以确立其相互权利和义务的书面协议。）Atreatymayalsobeknownasagreement,protocol,covenant,convention,exchangeofletters,accord,exchangeofnotes,memorandumofunderstanding,etc..1.2SourcesofInternationalBusinessLaw1.2.1InternationalTreatiesandConventions“Treaty”meansaninternationalagreementconcludedbetweenStatesinwrittenformandgovernedbyinternationallaw,whetherembodiedinasingleinstrumentorintwoormorerelatedinstrumentsandwhateveritsparticulardesignation.（称“条约”者，谓国家间所缔结而以国际法为准之国际书面协定，不论其载于一项单独文书或两项以上相互有关之文书内，亦不论其特定名称如何。）(Article2(1)(a)ofthe1969ViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties)Treatiesarelegallybindingagreementsbetweentwoormorestates,andconventionsarelegallybindingagreementsbetweenstatessponsoredbyinternationalorganizations,suchastheUnitedNations.1.2SourcesofInternationalBusinessLaw1.2.1InternationalTreatiesandConventionsBindingeffectivenessoftreaties:Pactasuntservanda(agreementsmustbekept)(约定必须遵守)bonafide(goodfaith)juscogens(compellinglaw)partyautonomy(当事人“意思自治”)“ThepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofthisConventionor,subjecttoarticle12,derogatefromorvarytheeffectofanyofitsprovisions.”(双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或在第12条的条件下，减损本公约的任何规定或改变其效力。)1.2SourcesofInternationalBusinessLaw1.2.1InternationalTreatiesandConventionsMainTreatiesorConventionsinInternationalBusinessLaw:(1)TheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsofInternationalSaleofGoods,CISG（1980年《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》）(2)TheUNIDROITConventiononAgencyintheInternationalSaleofGoods（1983年《关于国际货物销售代理的国际统一私法协会公约》）(3)TheInternationalConventionfortheUnificationofCertainRulesofLawRelatingtoBillsofLadingin1924,theH