国际贸易实务英文版-Chapter10-International-Trade-Procedures

Chapter10OutlineofInternationalTradeProcedures国际贸易程序概述ContentsGeneralproceduresofinternationaltradeOutlineofimportproceduresOutlineofexportproceduresManaginginternationaltradeprocedures2GeneralproceduresofinternationaltradeGenerallyspeaking,fromtheverybeginningtotheendofanexportorimporttransaction,thewholeoperationundergoesfourstages:Stage1：Preparationfortransaction交易前的准备Stage2：Businessnegotiation交易磋商Stage3：Implementationofthecontract履行合同Stage4：Settlementofdisputes(ifany)解决争议(如有)3Stage1：PreparationfortransactionSelectingtherightmarketFindingthepotentialpartnersStudyingcreditabilityofthepartnersApplyingforexportorimportlicense4Stage2:BusinessnegotiationTwoformsofbusinessnegotiation:1)Inwords:face-to-facenegotiationnegotiationthroughtelephone2)Inwriting:businesscorrespondence5Stage2:BusinessnegotiationFoursteps:enquiryoffercounter-offeracceptanceconclusionofsalescontractInformationtobeincludedinacontract:fullname,addressandothernecessaryinformationdescriptionofthecommodity(name,quality,quantity,packingandmarking)alltermsagreedupon(price,delivery,transportation,insurance,payment,inspection,claims,forcemajeure,arbitration,etc.)therightsandobligationsofbothpartiesdate,place,numberofcopiesandsignature6Stage3：ImplementationofthecontractNote:thecomplexproceduresofallsectorsshallbefollowedcorrectlyandinaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsstipulatedinthecontract.7Stage4：Settlementofdisputes(ifany)Waysofsettlingdisputes:NegotiationMediationArbitrationLawsuit8对国外市场调查研究寻找目标客户申请进/出口许可证资信调查谈判交易洽谈询盘发盘还盘接受签合同备货催证审证改证(审核发现的修改)租船订舱报验(商检)货发码头报关、装船、取得单证投保(必须在发货以前)所有单据送银行议付议付结汇合同履行完毕发生争议处理索赔合同履行交易前的准备工作解决争议91.ImportProceduresImportlicenseSalescontractL/CShipmentandinsuranceDocumentexaminationandpaymentCustomsclearanceTakingdeliveryandre-inspectionSettlementofdisputes101.1ImportlicenseItisimportcontrolsystembyimportingcountryfortheprotectionofhomeindustryorcontrolofquantityorsafetyofthepeople.1)Importersmustobtainimportlicenseiftheimportedgoodsrequireoneandgetitbeforenegotiationactuallystarts.2)Alicensemayhaveavalidityperiod.3)Theremaybedutyexemptionschemes.Checkalltheseoutbeforehand.111.2Salescontract(1)Preparations:1.Selecttheproducttoimport2.Findouttheexportregulationsandthecapabilityandcreditworthinessoftheexporter3.NegotiatethetermsofsalescontractThreepartsofacontract1.Beginningpart2.Bodypart3.Thirdpart121.2Salescontract(2)ThebeginningpartContractnumber,timeandplaceofcontract,namesaddressesandcontactsoftheimporterandtheexporterandpreface131.2Salescontract(3)Thebodypart1.Termsandconditionsofacontract:Commodity,quality,quantity,unitpriceandterms,amount,timeandmeansofshipment,termsofpayment,insurance,etc.2.Therightsandobligationsoftheimporterandtheexporter141.2Salescontract(4)Thethirdpart:Languageofthecontract,numberofcopiesandthesignatureofthecontractors.151.3L/CIfL/Cwillbeusedforpayment,ImportershouldapplyfortheopeningofL/Cintimeinfavoroftheselleraccordingtothecontract.Anydisagreementwillcauseamendmentafterexporter’scheckingtheL/C,whichwillincurcost.161.4ShipmentandinsuranceUnderEXWandFgroupterms,theimporterisresponsibleforshipmentandinsurance.Thebuyershouldinformthesellerofthearrivalofthecarryingvesselsothatthesellercanarrangetogetthegoodsreadyforloading(smoothdelivery).Ifthebuyerwillarrangeforinsurance,thesellershouldadviseshipmentduly.(CFR)171.5DocumentexaminationandpaymentWhenL/Cisused,importer’sbankwillberesponsibletocheckdocumentsandmakesuretheyareacceptable(complywiththeL/Cterms).WhenD/AorD/P(collection)areused,theimportermustcheckthedocumentstomakesuretheyareacceptablebeforemakingpaymentoracceptance.Cross-checkingisimportant.181.6CustomsclearanceFilloutsomeformsandthecustomsofficerwillcheckthegoodsagainstthedocuments.(Billoflading,commercialinvoice,inspectioncertificate(ifrequired),insurancepolicy...)CustomsclearanceisusuallycarriedoutwiththehelpofaccreditedCustomsclearingagents官方授权的报关代理人(alsocalledCustomsbrokers–individualorcompany)customsofficial：报关员(2014年起考试取消)191.7Takingdeliveryandre-inspectionRe-inspectionattheloadingportTheimportershouldchecktheouterpackageandnumberofpackageaccordingtotheinvoiceandbilloflading.Re-inspectionattheimporter’spremiseOpen-caseinspectionforqualityandquantity.Makeclaimsagainstexporter,carrierorunderwriter,ifthereareproblemssuchasweightshortage,inferiorquality,lossesordamages.201.8SettlementofDisputesIncaseofclaim,friendlynegotiation,arbitration,lawsuitwillbeapplicable.21对国外市场调查研究寻找目标客户申请进/出口许可证资信调查谈判交易洽谈询盘发盘还盘接受签合同备货催证审证改证(审核发现的修改)租船订舱报验(商检)货发码头报关、装船、取得单证投保(必须在发货以前)所有单据送银行议付议付结汇合同履行完毕发生争议处理索赔合同履行交易前的准备工作解决争议222.Exportprocedures(self-study)Pre-exportwork&ExportlicenseSalescontractPre-shipmentandpost-shipmentfinanceExportcreditinsuranceGettinggoodsreadyforshipmentL/CExportdeclarationandcustomsclearanceShipmentInsuranceDocumentationandpayment232.1Pre-exportwork&ExportlicensePre-exportwork:marketresearch,creditinvestigation,potentialrisksassessment,etc.Exportlicense:Beforenegotiatingasalescontract,anexportershouldconf