被动语态-中考复习

.thePassiveVoice（被动语态）文综之家一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by主动语态主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bytheminthatfactory.1.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.2.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.Be要随着主语变逻辑主语by来引被动语态的大体构成：Be+PP（过去分词）规则动词过去分词的构成1、一般情况下，加-ed。ask--askedhelp--helpedwatch--watched2、结尾是“e”的词，加-d。dance--dancedlove--lovedlive--lived3、重读闭音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。stop--stoppeddrop--droppedbeg--begged4、以辅音字母加y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-ed。carry--carriedstudy--studiedhurry--hurriedGrammarVerb(原形)Pasttense(过去式)PP.(过去分词)taketooktakeneatateeatengrowgrewgrownbuildbuiltbuiltsendsentsentbuyboughtboughtfeedfedfedIrregularVerbs(部分不规则动词)Verb(原形)Pasttense(过去式)PP.(过去分词)taketookeatategrowgrewbuildbuiltsendsentbuyboughtfeedfedIrregularVerbs(部分不规则动词)takeneatengrownbuiltsentboughtfed1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时被动结构：am/is/are+过去分词Exercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.Exercise:WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.Lilyopenedthebookjustnow.ThebookwasopenedbyLily.打开被打开一般过去时的被动语态（PassiveVoice）++subject主语waswerepastparticiple过去分词单数复数Lily打开了书。书被Lily打开了。2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时被动结构：was/were+过去分词Exercise:Heboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.3.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时被动结构：am/is/are+being+PPExercise:Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.Exercise:Theyareplayingvolleyballnow.Volleyballisbeingplayed(bythem)now5.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时被动结构：will+be+过去分词Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.begoingto+be+ppExercise:Thegirlwillfinishherhomeworkintwentyminutes.Herhomeworkwillbefinished(bythegirl)intwentyminutes.Theywouldhaveapartythenextday.Apartywouldbehad(bythem)thenextday.7.AbycantakegoodcareofTina．TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby.情态动词变被动：情态动词+be+过分Exercise:Hemaycarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketmaybeeasilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.ThefarmwasbuiltbyAlibabalastyear.Whatthingsweredonebyhimlastyear?ThetreeswereplantedbyAlibaba.thetreesplantedForexample:____was/were____byAlibaba.Alibabaplantedthetrees.Whatthingsweredonebyhimlastyear?TheflowerswerewateredbyAlibaba.theflowerswatered____was/were____byAlibaba.ThewheatwasgrownbyAlibaba.thewheatgrown____was/were____byAlibaba.ThecowswerefedbyAlibaba.fed____was/were____byAlibaba.ThesheepweretakencareofbyAlibaba.takencareof____was/were____byAlibaba.ThehousewasbuiltbyAlibaba.built____was/were____byAlibaba.Exercise:Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.8.Wehavemadetwentykeys．Twentykeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时被动结构：have/has+been+过去分词9.Wehadseenthisfilmbeforeyoucamehere.Thisfilmhadbeenseenbyusbeforeyoucamehere.过去完成时被动结构：had+been+PP6.Hesaidtheworkerswouldbuildanewschoolintwoweeks.Hesaidanewschoolwouldbebuiltintwoweeks.过去将来时被动构成：would+be+pp4.Shewasinterviewingthefamousmanatthistimeyesterday.Thefamousmanwasbeinginterviewedbyher过去进行时被动结构：was/were+being+PPExercise:Hewasplayingbasketballat8:00lastnight.Basketballwasbeingplayedat8:00yesterday.Exercise:Thedoctorknewthathehadknownhisproblem.—Thedoctorknewthathisproblemhadbeenknownbyhim.各种时态的被动情况：一般现在时：一般过去时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：一般将来时：过去将来时：情态动词变被动：am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneshall/willbedonebegoingtobedonewould/should+be+done情态动词+be+doneExercise:PickoutthepassivevoiceWehaveanoldmusicalinstrument.ItwascalledclavichordItwasmadein1681.Ourclavichordiskeptinthelivingroom.Ithasbelongedtoourfamilyforalongtime.Theinstrumentwasboughtbymygrandfathermanyyearsago.Recentlyitwasdamagedbyavisitor.Shetriedtoplayjazzonit!Shestruckthekeystoohardandtwoofthestringswerebroken.Myfatherwasshocked.Wearen’tallowedtotouchit.Nowitisbeingrepairedbyafriendofmyfather’s.Exercises:一.选择填空:1.Windowsofglass.A.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehousein2004.A.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcanforkeepingwarm.A.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA4.Watches____Shanghai.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhouA.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA1.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.(间宾作主）Hegavemeabook.(变被动）主语谓语间宾直宾2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Mymotherboughtmeabirthdaycake.主语谓语间宾直宾1.Iwasboughtabirthdaycakebymymother.2.Abirthdaycakewasboughtformebymymother.带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或for。变为被动时，间宾前加to的带有双宾语的动词有：14个bring,teach,pass,hand,give,lend,refuse,leave,promise,tell,return,show,send,write.变为被动时，间宾前加for的带有双宾语的动词有：5个buy,get,do,pay,si