语法专题之名词(含练习和答案)

语法专题之名词（含练习和答案）1/12教学课题名词目标知识目标:理解掌握名词的概念、基本用法。能力目标:理解和灵活使用名词，根据句子需要使用正确的名词形式。重点难点重点:名词的灵活使用；可数名词单复数变形；名词所有格。难点:理解英语里的单复数概念。过程1.导入2.名词的概要3.课堂同步练习与讲评4.小结---名词的用法5.拓展练习与讲评语法专题之名词（含练习和答案）2/12名词名词意义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如:Shanghai,Lilei,desk专有名词普通名词国名地名人名团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词首字母大写表单个的人或者事物表一群人或一些事物的总称表无法分为个体的物质表抽象概念的词如:Jim,June,China,Harbin.teacher,apple…family,police…water,money…health,friendship…1.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分A.不规则变化常见的有:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice...单复数同型:ChineseJapanesepeoplesheepdeerfish(中日友好永不变)aChinese---twoChinese;aJapanese---fourJapanese(英法联盟a变e)anEnglish---eightEnglishmen;anFrenchman---nineFrenchmen(其他后面加s)aGerman---fiveGermansB.规则变化情况构成例词一般的词＋sday-daysdesk-desks以s,sh,ch,x结尾＋esmatch-matchesboss-bosses以0结尾有生命，+es；无生命，+stomatoes,potatoes,heroesphotos,kilos以辅音＋y结尾改y为i＋esbaby-babiesfly-flies以f/fe结尾改f为v＋eswife-wivesleaf-leaves语法专题之名词（含练习和答案）3/121.Some____and____willcometovisitourschoolnextmonth.A.Germans;EnglishmansB.Germen;EnglishmenC.Germans;EnglishmenD.German;Englishman2.Look!Therearethree______andtwo______attheschoolgate.Let’sshowthemaroundourschool.A.Frenchman;GermanB.Frenchmen;GermanC.Frenchmen;GermansD.Frenchmans;Germans写出下列名词的复数形式1pieceshoeorangelake2busfoxglasswish3bodycityenemybaby4boykeyholidayway5lifeleafyourselfwolf6zoopianoradiophoto7tomatoherotoothfoot8manwomanfishermanapple9GermanChinesechildsheepC.复合名词的复数变化规则:man和woman都要变,girl和boy却不变1mendoctorsboystudents1.Theyare________.A.mandoctorB.mendoctorsC.mendoctorD.mandoctors2womendriversgirlfootballplayersD.常考可数名词knifestomachachetoothachecoldfevercoughsecondminutequarterhourweekyearchancemistakequestionproblemideasuggestionsizeshapeinventiondiscoverymessagedifferencedecisioninvitationconcertplayticketsightvoicetastesmellexpressionintroductioncelebration1.Ifyouworkharder,you'llhaveanother_________toplaytheviolinataconcert.A.sleepB.chanceC.mistakeD.problem2.-Lily,couldyoupleasepassmethe_________?Iwanttocuttheapple.-Sure,hereyouare.A.penB.pencilC.bookD.knife语法专题之名词（含练习和答案）4/12E.常见复数标志all/bothmany/someafew/fewthese/thoseare/were基数词two...several几个otherdifferent在一般现在时的条件下,遇到复数名词,或代词,动词用原形:weallcomefromChina.1.Thosewhitesocks____small.A.areB.isC.amD.do2.Howmany_____dotheyhave?A.pictureB.picturesC.apicture3.Weare_____,buttheyare________.A.Germans;JapaneseB.Germen;JapaneseC.Germans;JapanesesD.Germen;Japanese4.__________turngreeninspring.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs5.Look!Thekitesintheskyareindifferent_____.Somearebigandsomearesmall.A.sizeB.sizesC.colorD.colors6.Icanseesome________onthehill.A.sheepsanddeersB.sheepanddeerC.sheepsanddeerD.sheepanddeers2.不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。(2)要表示一定的数量时,常与acupof,apieceof等量词连用,如acupoftea一杯茶;twobottlesofwater两瓶水(3)只能修饰不可数名词的词有:alittle(一点),little(几乎没有),much/agreatdealof/alargeamountof(许多)workhomeworkweatheradvicenewsprogressinformationhouseworkfunweightknowledgeEnglishfooddrinkorangericebreadmeatchickenporkbeefmilkwater......1.-Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?-__________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeesC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupofcoffees2.-AfterP.E.,Ioftenfeelverythirsty.-Whynotbuysome__________todrink?A.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teas3.-Whatagood_________you'vegivenme!Thanksalot.-Mypleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice4.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes.Iwanttogetsome________aboutthetriptoAmerica.语法专题之名词（含练习和答案）5/12A.newsB.informationsC.helpD.advice5.Yourmothercooksnice__________.Ilikeitverymuch.A.breadB.beefsC.eggsD.dumplings6.-HowcanIgetsome______aboutthe2016OlympicGames?-WhynotsearchtheInternet?A.informationB.experienceC.practiceD.success7.______aboutthesportsmeetingmakeusexcited.A.NewsB.InformationC.MessagesD.Advice8.TheBeltandRoadinitiative(一带一路倡议)willhelpChinaimprove______withlotsofcountries.A.relationshipB.agreementC.environmentD.progress3.名词的所有格:在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加's表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:的。如:Tom'sbike(汤姆的单车)。名词的所有格例词、例句①直接在词尾加'sKate'sbag,Children'sDay,Women'sDay②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加'Teachers'Day,students'books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加'sLucyandLily'smother(共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加'sTom'sandJim'srooms(各自的房间)⑤表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略atthedoctor's(在医务室);atTom's(在汤姆的家)⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of表达thedooroftheroom,thecoloroftheclothes⑦双重所有格:用's所有格/名词性物主代词与of所有格相结合。Afriendofmyfather's,abookofmine1.-Istheschoolbagunderthedeskyours?-No,it'smy__________.Heleftittherejustnow.A.brotherB.brother'sC.brothers'D.brothers2.Mr.Blackisateacherof__________.Sheandherclassmateslikehimverymuch.A.mysisterB.mysister'sC.mysistersD.mysisters'语法专题之名词（含练习和答案）6/123.Afriendofmy__________andIaregoingtovisit__________nextweek.A.father;BrownsB.father's;theBrownsC.father;theBrownsD.father's;Browns4.Joanis__________sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary'sandJack'sC.Mary'sandJackD.MaryandJack's注意:但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加's构成所有格今天的报纸today'snewspaper八天的假期an8-dayholidayeightdays'holiday五分钟的步行路程afive-minutewalkfiveminutes'walk结论:“数词-名词-形容词”可构成复合形容词。两个或多个单词中间可以用“-”连接，起一个相当于形容词的作用，这类词叫做合成词。一般构成规则就是构成其的单词一般都要用原形。1.-HowfarisitfromTianjintoChangsha?-Itisa__________flightfr