中国传统文化-瓷器-(英文)

ChinameansporcelainＬｉＹａｎｇ李扬•1、Foreword•2、Theoriginofporcelain（瓷器）•3、Thedevelopmentofporcelain•4、TheprocessingproceduresofporcelainContentInEnglish,chinameansporcelain，therefore，itisobviouslythatChinaisthehometownofchina.Theinventionofchinaisagreatcontributiontoworldcivilization.ForewordAroundthe16thcenturyBCinShangDynasty,theearlyChineseporcelainappeared.Asitwasstillroughonthefiringprocess,itcanbeonlycalledproto-porcelain.proto-porcelain原始瓷器OriginProto-porcelainappearedintheShangDynasty,thenfromtheWesternZhouDynasty,theWarringStatestotheEasternHanDynasty,throughthe1600years’changeanddevelopment,Porcelainfiringtechnologyhadbeenimprovedgradually.DevelopmentofPorcelainIt’satransitionalperiodthattheoriginalceladon(青瓷)tomatureceladon,inthehistoryofourcountry'spotteryitwasanimportantmilestone.HandynastyJinandsouthernandnortherndynastiesceladon（青瓷）Blackporcelain（黑瓷）、whiteporcelain（白瓷）Manycolourporcelain（多色彩瓷）ChangingChangingTojin,originalporcelainhadbeeneliminated,atthesametimeappearedcolourporcelain.Theperiodalsoappearedblackporcelain.SuitangdynastyThisperiodwashighlycivilizedinthefieldoftri-colored(三彩）glazed（釉的）pottery.唐三彩Songporcelainhadanewimprovementonglaze(釉)andproductiontechnology.Porcelaintechnologyhadreachedfullmaturitylevel.Acleardivisionoflaborhadappeared.ThedevelopmentofporcelaininChinaisanimportantstage.SongMainkindsinSongdaynasty,classificationbykilns(窑口）•Rukiln(汝窑)•Guankiln（官窑）•Gekiln（哥窑）•Junkiln（钧窑）•Dingkiln（定窑）SongDynastyisthehighestaesthetic（美学的）eraofporcelain.FromRukilnFromGuankilnFromElderbrotherkiln(哥窑八方碗)FromDingkilnFromJunkilnSuccessfullyfiringtheexquisite（精致的）whiteglazeporcelainandthesingle-glazeporcelainwithcopper（铜）asthecoloringagent（色剂）,madetheMingDynastyporcelaincolorful.Theporcelaintechnologycontinuedtoimprove.MingDynastyBlueandwhiteporcelain(青花瓷）ThebestblueandwhiteporcelainwasmadeinJingdezheninJiangxiProvinceduringtheYuanDynasty.YuanDynastyIntheQingDynasty,porcelainfiringtechnologyhadreachedthetoplevelofthehistory.Anewkindofporcelain,whichcalledenamel(珐琅器),hadapeared.QingDynasty•Howmanyprocedurestogothrough?1.Forming2.Glazing3.Decoration4.FiringProcessingproceduresofPorcelainForming•Thepotterfirstneedstoshapepotteryonapotter'swheel.Butitisnotaneasyjobbecausethematerialusedtomakingchinaisinlowplasticity.Soitisdifficulttoshapetheclay.•Inthecaseofthrowingonapotter’swheel(陶轮)itcanbeseenaspullingclayupwardsandoutwardsintoarequiredshape.Theprocessofthrowingisinfactoneofremarkablecomplexity.Glazing•Forthemostpartareglazedfordecorativepurposesandtomakethemresistanttodirtandstaining.Decoration•Porcelainwaresmaybedecoratedundertheglazeusingpigmentsthatincludecobalt(钴做的深蓝色)andcopperorovertheglazeusingcoloredenamels(珐琅,瓷釉).Firing•Inthisprocess,green(unfired)ceramicwaresareheatedtohightemperaturesinakilntopermanentlysettheirshapes.•Porcelainisfiredatahighertemperaturethanearthenwaresothatthebodycanvitrify(使成玻璃状)andbecomenon-porous(不渗水的)becauseofthechemicalchangethattakeplaceduringthefiring.