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常见被子植物分科检索表1常见被子植物分科检索表1.子叶2枚;叶脉常网状;花4~5基数(双子叶植物纲Dicotyledoneae)…………………………………21.子叶1枚;无年轮;叶脉常平行;花多3基数,有时4基数(单子叶植物纲Monocotyledoneae)……………1692.花无花冠,花萼有或无,或花萼花瓣状……………………………………………………………32.花具花萼与花冠………………………………………………………………………………………………483.单性花……………………………………………43.花两性或单性,不形成柔荑花序………………………………………………………………………………244.柔荑花序,或至少雄花为柔荑花序或头状花序、隐头花序………………………………………………………54.非柔荑花序……………………………………………………………………………………………………95.上位子房…………………………………………………………………………………………………65.下位子房……………………………………………………………………………………………………76.常具乳汁;具花萼;聚花果;种子单一,无毛…………………………………………桑科Moraceae()6.不具乳汁;不具花萼,具腺体或花盘,蒴果,种子多数,有毛…………………杨柳科Salicaceae()7.复叶羽状,子房1室,核果状坚果或翅果………………………………………………胡桃科Juglanaceae()7.单叶;子房2~6室…………………………………………………………………………………………88.雌雄花皆为柔荑花序,或柔荑状的头状花序或穗状花序;子房2室;总苞叶状或无总苞………………………………………………………………………………………………………桦木科Betulaceae()8.雌花单生或簇生;子房2~6室,总苞木质或刺状,坚果生于壳斗内…………………壳斗科Fagaceae9.水生植物;叶轮生,细裂成丝状……………………………金鱼藻科Ceratophyllaceae9.陆生植物;叶非轮生,非丝状……………………………………………………………………………………1010.子房每室内胚珠多数…………………………………………………………………秋海棠科Begoniaceae10.子房每室胚珠1至数枚………………………………………………………………………………………2111.树上寄生植物,常绿,叶对生,子房下位或半下位…………………………………………桑寄生科Loranthaceae11.非寄生植物,子房上位…………………………………………………………………………………………………1212.1~2室子房……………………………………………………………………………………………1312.3~5室子房……………………………………………………………………………………………2113.乔木………………………………………………………………………………………………………1413.草本………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1814.枝叶含硬胶质,叶片被撕断后有胶质丝相连………………………………………………杜仲科Eucommiaceae14.枝叶不含硬胶质……………………………………………………………………………………………………………1515.核果,无翅…………………………………………………………………漆树科Anacardiaceae(121)15.翅果…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1616.单叶互生;果实周边延展成翅…………………………………………………………………榆科Ulmaceae(110)16.羽状复叶,对生;果实顶端延展成翅………………………………………………………………………………………1717.单翅果………………………………………………………………………………木犀科Oleaceae(123)17.双翅果………………………………………………………………………………槭树科Aceraceae(121)18.花柱或柱头1个,不裂或微裂…………………………………………………………………荨麻科Urticaceae18.花柱或柱头2~5个或呈2条形状………………………………………………………………………………1919.雌雄同株;雄花为球状的头状花序,囊状具钩刺的总苞内有雌花2个…………………菊科Compositae(130)19.雌雄异株,非如上述花序……………………………………………………………………………………2020.叶片掌状分裂或全裂………………………………………………………………………………桑科Moraceae(110)20.叶片三角状卵形或戟形…………………………………………………………………藜科Chenopodiaceae(111)21.叶有透明腺点,子房通常5室…………………………………………………………………芸香科Rutaceae21.叶无透明腺点,子房3室……………………………………………………………………………………………2222.灌木,无乳汁;叶对生,革质,常绿;蒴果室背开裂,…………………………………黄杨科Buxaceae()22.草本或亚灌木;叶通常互生,如为对生则有乳汁,分果瓣………………………大戟科Euphorbiaceae()23.子房每室胚珠多数…………………………………………………………………………………………………2423.子房每室胚珠1至数枚…………………………………………2924.下位或半下位子房………………………………………………2524.上位子房……………………………………………………………………2625.直立茎,辐射对称花,子房1室…………………………………虎耳草科Saxifragaceae()25.缠绕茎,两侧对称花,子房6室…………………………………马兜铃科Aristolochiaceae26.心皮分离或上部分离……………………………………………………………………2726.心皮合生……………………………………………………………………2827.复叶或多少有些分裂,裂片全缘或齿裂………………………………………………毛茛科Ranunculaceae()27.单叶不裂,缘具锯齿.......................虎耳草科Saxifraceae()28.花序呈聚伞状,萼片草质....................................................石竹科Caryophyllaceae()28.花序呈穗状、头状或圆锥状;萼片多少呈干膜质…………………………………………苋科Amaranthaceae()29.2至多数心皮,离生或近离生.................................................................3029.单雌蕊或复雌蕊,有时成熟后心皮分离....................................................3230.复叶,或单叶多少有些分裂........................................毛茛科Ranunculaceae()30.单叶全缘,不分裂.....................................................................3931.草本,互生叶,花托平坦或稍隆起.................................商陆科Phytolaccaceae31.灌木,对生叶,花托凹陷............................................蜡梅科Calycanthaceae32.下位或半下位子房……………………………………………………………………3332.上位子房……………………………………………………………………………………………………3433.水生或沼生;轮生叶……………………………………………………………杉叶藻科Hippuridaceae33.陆生,常为半寄生;互生叶………………………………………………………檀香科Santalaceae34.草本……………………………………………………………………3534.木本…………………………………………………………………………………………………………4335.托叶鞘状抱茎……………………………………………………………………19.蓼科Polygonaceae()35.托叶非鞘状抱茎或无托叶……………………………………………………………………3636.花萼呈花瓣状……………………………………………………………………3736.花萼非呈花瓣状……………………………………………………………………4137.花萼分离或基部稍合生……………………………………………………………………3837.花萼基部筒状合生,单叶……………………………………………………………………3938.单叶,浆果……………………………………………………………………23.商陆科Phytolaccaceae()38.羽状复叶,瘦果……………………………………………………………………42.蔷薇科Rosaceae39.花具叶状总苞,栽培植物……………………………………………………………………22.紫茉莉科Nyctaginaceae39.花无总苞,野生植物……………………………………………………………………4040.胚珠1个,位于子房近顶端处……………………………………………………………………瑞香科Thymelaeaceae40.胚珠少数,位于特立中央胎座上;盐碱地植物………………………………………………报春花科Primulaceae()41.花柱1或缺;雄蕊2;角果……………………………………………………………………十字花科Cruciferae()41.花柱2条或更多;雄蕊3~5;非角果……………………………………………………………………4242.花无干膜质的苞片……………………………………………………………………藜科Chenopodiaceae()42.花的苞片干膜质……………………………………………………………………苋科Amaranthaceae()43.花萼显具萼筒,常呈花瓣状……………………………………………………………………4443.花萼分离或微连合……………………………………………………………………4744.萼管弯曲;叶2回羽状深裂……………………………………………………………………山龙眼科Proteaceae44.萼管直立;叶不分裂........................................................................4545.花下具各种颜色的叶状总苞.............................................紫茉莉科Nyctaginaceae45.花无叶状总苞...........................................................................4646.叶无毛或背面有毛;萼筒整个脱落..........................................瑞香科Thymelaeaceae46.叶背具银白色的鳞片;萼筒下部宿存………………………………………………………胡颓子科Elaeagnaceae47.树皮绿色;叶为大型掌状裂叶,瞢荚果……………………………………………………梧桐科Sterculiaceae()47.树皮粗糙褐色;叶不分裂或微分裂;翅果…………………………………………………榆科Ulmaceae()48
本文标题:被子植物检索表
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