中国矿业大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

中国矿业大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartOneCloze(15points)Directions:Filleachoftheblanksinthepassagewithonesuitableword.TheIndiansrisesoonasitislight,thechildrenrundowntotherivertoswim,thewomangotothecreektobringfreshwater.Soonmaizesoupisbeingpreparedfor(1)______.Beforenoontheywilleatagain,usuallyfish,meatandbananas,thefruitofthe“chontadure”palmandadrinkof“chicha”.Whenthesunhas(2)______overtheriver,someoftheyoungerwomengo(3)______theirchildrenbycanoetotheirforestplantationto(4)______maize,bananasandwildfruits.Theolderwomenstayinthehousemakingpotswhichare(5)______fordrinkingwaterandfor“chicha”.Latertheyhaveto(6)______theeveningmealandlookafterthechildren.Thewomendomostofthedailyworkandeach(7)______dayinvolvesmuchthesame(8)______.Themen,whomayhavebeenhuntingduringthenight,(9)______thedayrepairingnets,replacinganarrowlostwhilehunting,fishingwithhookandlineor“atarraya”net.InJanuaryaftertherains,(10)______menandwomengototheforestplantationtosowmaize.(11)______,inAugustandSeptember,theysowa(12)______crop.Fourmonthsaftereach(13)______,themaizeisreadyforharvestingbythewomen.Atnightfallthefamilycongregatesonce(14)______,andafterthebabiesare(15)______intheirhammockstheydiscusstheday'sevents.PartTwoReadingComprehension(40points)PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth'sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theover-developmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelongrangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,whichendangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,butamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossofmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayindefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcourse,tochangethatcourseandtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureifthecrisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—isacrisisthatisnopassinginconvenience,noby-productoftheambitionsoftheoilproducingcountries,noenvironmentalists'merefears,noby-productofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefaceistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,butitsacceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworld'schildrenandfuturegeneration.1．Whichconditiondoestheauthorfeelhasnearlydestroyedourcities?A．Lackoffinancialplanning.B．Thebreakupofthefamily.C．Naturaldisastersinmanyregions.D．Theexcessivegrowthofmotors.2．Theauthorinthesecondparagraphstateswhatweneedinourpresentsituationis______.A．acontinuationofourpresentseriousstateB．worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyuseC．amovementforwardtoanewnormtoplanetresearchworkD．astatewherelongrangeplanningisessentialtous3．Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneexampleofourlossofmorality?A．Disregardforlaw.B．Lackofdevotion.C．Lackofcooperation.D．Exploitationofresources.4．Bycomparingpastproblemswithpresentones,theauthordrawsattentiontothe______.A．significanceofthiscrisisB．inadequacyofgovernmentsC．similarityofthepasttothepresentD．hopelessnessofthesituation5．Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatcontributiondoestheauthorfeelpeoplemustnowmake?A．Searchfornewenergysources.B．Outlawmotortransportation.C．Acceptanewlifestyle.D．Adoptanewformofgovernment.PassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Futuristshaveidentifiedtwochangesthatseemtobecentraltocontemporarysociallife.First,theUnitedStatesisbeingrestructuredfromanindustrialtoaninformationsociety.Second,modernsocietiesareincreasinglyshiftingfromanationaltoaglobaleconomy.Futuristshaveappliedagoodmanymetaphorstothesechanges,includingDanielBell's“postindustrialsociety”,AlvinToffier's“thethirdwave”andJohnNaisbitt's“megatrends”.CommontothesemetaphorsisthenotionthatAmericansocietyisshiftingfromtheproductionofgoodstotheproductionofservicesandfromsocietybasedonthecoordinationofpeopleandmachinestoasocietyorganizedaroundknowledge.Thesechanges,itiscontended,willaffordamyriadofchoices.Theworldwillincreasinglybeoneofmanyflavors,notjustvanilla(香草)orchocolate.ManyobserversofcontemporaryAmericanlifebelievethatwearewitnessingahistoricalchangeandthefir