08-09-2辅修英语写作第5周

辅修英语写作SentenceWritingQuotesoftheday1.Ifyouwishtosucceed,youshouldusepersistenceasyourgoodfriend,experienceasyourreference,prudenceasyourbrotherandhopeasyoursentry.(ThomasEdison,Americaninventor)如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄弟、以希望为哨兵。(美国发明家爱迪生.T.)2.Wehavenomorerighttoconsumehappinesswithoutproducingitthantoconsumewealthwithoutproducingit.(GeorgeBernardShaw,Britishdramatist)正像我们无权只享受财富而不创造财富一样，我们也无权只享受幸福而不创造幸福。(英国剧作家肖伯纳.G.)3.Ifamanemptieshispurseintohishead,nomancantakeitawayfromhim,aninvestmentinknowledgealwayspaysthebestinterest.(BenjaminFranklin,Americanpresident)倾已所有追求知识，没有人能夺走它；向知识投资，收益最佳。(美国总统富兰克林.B.)1.AvoidingSentence：PronounAgreementandPronounReferenceApronounanditsantecedentshouldagreeinnumber（singularorplural），person（first，second，orlist），andgender（masculine，feminine，orneuter）.a.Indefinitepronounasantecedents（anybody，anyone，anything，each，everybody，everything，nobody，nothing，somebody，andsomething）Incorrect：Eachcustomerisexpectedtoknowexactlywhattheyaregettingbeforetheysignonthedocument.Correct：Eachcustomerisexpectedtoknowexactlywhatheorsheisgettingbeforesigningonthedocument.[Note：Changingthedependentclause“before…”intoanadverbialphrasesavesthetroubleofhavingtorepeat“heorshe”]Incorrect：Everybodyinthefirmmustdotheirshare.Correct：Everybodyinthefirmmustdohisorhershare.Correct：FewscholarsintheworldtodaycansaythattheyknowmoreaboutSanskritthanProfessorJiofBeijingUniversity.Someofthecustomerscomplainthattheyarenothappywiththewaytheyhavebeentreatedinthatrestaurant.Someofthefoodservedinthatrestaurantisleftoverfromthedaybefore，soittastesstale.PronounReferenceClearpronounreference，namely，towhichnounorpronounapronounrefersto，isalsoveryimportant.Unclearandambiguouspronounreferencecanbeconfusingtoreaders.Ambiguous：JanetoldMarythatshewasrightaboutthenewstudentintheirschool.[Whowasright?TheantecedentofshecouldbeeitherJaneorMary,thustheambiguity.]Clear:JanetoldMary,“Youwererightaboutthenewstudentinourschool.”orJanetoldMary,“Iwasrightaboutthenewstudentinourschool.”a.Avoidambiguouspronounreference.Whenapronouncouldrefertomorethanonepossibleantecedent,thereferenceisambiguous.Ambiguous:JohnwalkedwithBobbecausehedidnotknowwherethecollege’sbookstorewas.[TheantecedentofhecouldbeeitherJohnorBob]Correct:Johndidn’tknowwherethebookstorewas,soBobwalkedwithhim.b.Avoidvaguepronounreferences.Vaguepronounsliketheyoritoftenhavenoclearantecedents.Vague:Theysayinthecollegenewspaperthatthecommencementwillbemovedindoorsiftheweatherinterferes.[Whoarethey,anyway?]Clear:Anannouncementinthecollegenewspapersaysthatthecommencementwillbemovedindoorsiftheweatherinterferes.Pronounslikethis,that,which,andit,canbeconfusingiftheantecedentstheyrefertoarenotmadeclear.Vague:ThemovieTitanicisaboutmanandnature,therichandthepoor,andthelovestorybetweenayoungmanandayoungwoman.Ilikethisenormously.[Doesthisrefertothemovieoritsdifferentthemes?]Clear:ThemovieTitanicisaboutmanandnature,therichandthepoor,andthelovestorybetweenayoungmanandayoungwoman.Ilikeitenormously.orThemovieTitanicisaboutmanandnature,therichandthepoor,andthelovestorybetweenayoungmanandayoungwoman.Ilikethismixtureofthemesinamovieenormously.Vague:IdineinthatrestaurantoftenandIparticularlylikethewaytheypreparetheirfishdishes,whichisaboutthebestintown.[Whichisthebestintownisnotclear]Clear:Ioftendineinthatrestaurant,whichisaboutthebestintown,andIparticularlylikethewaythechefstherepreparetheirfishdishes.orIdineinthatrestaurantoftenandIparticularlyliketheirfishdishesthatareaboutthebestintown.c.Placethepronounclosetoitsantecedent.Vague:IwasshockedtoseeaT-shirtinthatfancydressstorewhichhadapricetagofY2000!(DidtheT-shirtorthestorehaveapricetagofY2000?)Clear:IwasshockedtoseeinthatfancydressstoreaT-shirtwhichhadapricetagofY2000!d.Usetherelativepronounpropertotheantecedent.Usewhoorwhomtorefertopersonsornamedanimalsandusewhichorthattorefertothingsandunnamedanimals.Blacky,whoisaGetmanshepherd,likestobarkateverypasser-by.PointofviewPointofviewisusedtodescribetheperspectiveinwriting.ThewritermayusethepersonalIorwe,oraddresstheaudiencebyusingyou,orspeakaboutthesubjectbyusinghe,she,itorthey.Choosingthemostappropriatepointofviesandaproperpersonalpronounisnoteasyjobeventothebestwriters.Readthefollowingparagraphandcorrectanymistakeintheuseofpronouns.Whenapersonreadsaboutanaturaldisasterinanothercountry,ithardlyaffectsyou.OfcourseIfeelbadandupsetwhenpeoplegetkilled.Butasthesedisastershappenthousandsofmilesawayfromyouandbecausetheydon’taffectyourownlife,peoplearen’ttraumatizedbythem.Ifafloodkilledaclosefriendofmine,youwouldbemoreemotionallyupset.Revisedversion1:Whenpeoplereadaboutanaturaldisasterinanothercountry,ithardlyaffectsthem.Ofcourse,theyfeelbadandupsetwhenpeoplegetkilled.Butasthesedisastershappenthousandsofmilesawayfromthemandbecausetheydon’taffecttheirownlife,theyaren’ttraumatizedbythem.Ifafloodkilledtheirownclosefriend,theywouldbemoreemotionallyupset.Revisedversion2:Whenwereadaboutanaturaldisasterinanothercountry,ithardlyaffectsus.Ofcoursewefeelbadandupsetwhenpeoplegetkilled.Butasthesedisast