初三英语动词专题及专项练习(含答案)

动词动词的含义动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。动词的种类:类别特点举例及物动词（vt）跟宾语Ilikemusic.不及物动词（vi）不跟宾语Itrainedlastnight.系动词跟表语Iamadoctor.Sheisanurse.Weareveryhappy.助动词跟动词原形或分词Idon’tlikeplayingbasketball.Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.情态动词跟动词原形ShecanspeakJapanese.动词时态一般现在时（3种结构）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。“主·谓·（宾）”结构Peteralwaysspendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Aliceusuallygoestoschoolbybusinthemorning.Ilikelisteningtoclassicalmusic.“There·be”结构Thereisamaponthewall.Therearesomebirdsinthesky.“主·系·表”结构It’sverycoldtoday.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Myfatherisateacher.动词第三人称单数动词特征构成例词一般过去时（3种结构）表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中,动词必须用过去式.动词过去式及过去分词的构成规则变化构成法词例(1)一般情况下加edwork--worked--workedplay--played--played(2)以e结尾的，加dlive--lived--livedlike--liked--liked(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i，再加ed.study--studied--studiedcry--cried--cried(4)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.stop--stopped--stoppedprefer--preferred--preferredrefer-referred-referredoccur-occurred-occurred不规则变化（参考课本）一般过去时常见的提示:yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;last（week/month/year/Sunday--）this---；justnow；---ago;after---;when---等等。一般动词词尾加slike-likes以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾记忆技巧：吃（ch）蛇(sh,s)后喝XO词尾加esteach-teachesdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes(发送传真)以y结尾辅音字母+y,变y为i，再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriestry-tries元音字母+y,直接加splay-playsstay-stayssay-says注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借助did或didn’t构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：Iwenttothezooyesterday.Mymotherdidn’tgototheparklastweekend.DidJimcometoseeyoulastnight?.现在进行时表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。（只有延续性动词有进行时；非延续性动词没有进行时）主语+系动词（am/is/are）+现在分词现在分词的构成构成法词例(1)一般情况下加ing.work--working；learn--learning(2)以e结尾的，去掉e，再加ing.live--living；take--taking(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ing.sit--sitting；stop--stoppingchat--chatting；refer--referring(4)以ie结尾的，要改ie为y，再加ing.tie--tying；lie--lying现在进行时的标志：Look；Listen；now；atthemoment/atpresentLook.Aliceisreadingamagazineoverthere.Listen.PeterissingingaChinesesong.AliceistalkingtoPeternow.I’mlearningJapaneseatthemoment.特殊情况：非延续性动词没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。I’mgoingtoschoolnow.MaryisleavingforNewYorksoon.SpringFestivaliscoming.I’marrivinginBeijing.过去进行时表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。主语+系动词（was/were）+现在分词Davidwasdoinghishomeworkat8o’clockyesterday.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkathistimeyesterday.TomwashavingbreakfastwhenMarycalledhim.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。主语+will+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：例如：Iwilltellyouthegoodnews.JohnisgoingtovisitHangzhounextweek.MyfatheriscomingtoQingdaotomorrow.一般将来时常见的提示:tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;nextweek;inthefuture;inthreedays;thisevening,soon,attheendofthisterm一般将来时的用法1.表示将来的动作或状态。例如：WewillgettoShanghaitomorrow.2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用一般将来时。例如：Getupearly,andyouwillcatchtheearlybus.Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool.“begoingto+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”begoingto和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。说明例句带有意愿色彩Iwillhelpyoulater.问对方是否愿意或客气的邀请或命令Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?Willyougowithme?在时间、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，用willMr.Wangwillcomeifitdoesn’train.HewillcallusassoonashegetstoHongKong.过去将来时表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。(间接引语/宾语从句)主语+would+动词原形主语+(was/were)+goingto+动词原形主语+(was/were)+非延续动词的动名词例如：Ithoughtyouwouldhelptheoldman.Marywasgoingtotakepartinthismeeting.HesaidhewasleavingforHongKong.现在完成时含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”.汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、“曾经”、“还没有”等词语.构成：主语+have/has+过去分词例如：Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.(结果：我了解这部影片的内容)Hehashadagoodeducation.(结果：他的知识水平很高)现在完成时常见的标志:sofar/uptonow;recently;inrecentyears;before;inthepast…/inthelast…/overthepast…/overthelast…since/for:既可以用于“现在完成时”,也可以用于“现在完成进行时”.already/yet/ever/never/before:既可以用于“现在完成时”,也可以用于“过去完成时”.Ihavealreadyfinishedthework./Ihavejustfinishedthework.Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词可以接一段时间；非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间,如果要接一段时间,就必须把非延续性动词替换成相应的延续性动词.come--behereHecameheretwohoursago.Hehasbeenherefortwohours.go--beout/beawayTheywentoutanhourago.Theyhavebeenoutforanhour.leave---beawayTomlefttenminutesago.Tomhasbeenawayfortenminutes.buy---haveIboughtthisdictionary10yearsago.Ihavehadthisdictionaryfor10years.begin---beonThefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.某些延续性动词（如：lookfor,watch,waitfor,live,work,develop,teach,learn,study,rain等）与since或for连用时，表示“从过去的某一时刻起,一直持续到现在的动作”，它们的“现在完成时”可以与“现在完成进行时”互相替换。Hehaslivedherefor20years.Hehasbeenlivingherefor20years.▲havebeento表示“曾经去过---”:IhavebeentoBeijingbefore.▲havegoneto表示“已经去了---”:TheyhavegonetoJapan.过去完成时主语+had+过去分词表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作--“过去的过去”.Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned12Englishsongs.Bythetimehegothome,alltheguestshadleft.Whentheyarrivedattherailwaystation，thetrainhadalreadyleft.BeforeIwenttobed，Ihadfinishedreadingthatbook.AfterIhadfinishedreadingthebook，Iwenttobed.“bytheendoflast---”只能用于“过去完成时”Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned5000Englishwords.现在完成进行时主语+have/has+been+现在分词表示从过去的某一时刻起到现在，一直在做某事。IhavebeenwaitingforyourreplysinceIsentyoualetterIhavebeenlivingherefor20yearsIthasbeenrainingsincelastnightSince1989,WangGanghasbeenworkinginthiscompany.HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor10years.专项练习动词时态专项训练1．HeoftentotheparkwithsomefriendsonSundays.A.goB.goesC.isgoingD.hasgone2