句子结构(宾从-状从-定从)

中考复习之句子结构句子句子成分句子结构句子种类句子成分主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体谓语:主语发出的动作宾语:动作的承受者定语:用来修饰名词、代词状语:时间、地点、原因等表语:表示主语“是什么”“怎么样”句子成分主语：Youbeathim.谓语:Youbeathim.宾语:Youbeathim.定语:Youbeatthebadboy.状语:Youstayedathome.表语:Heisbad./Heisaboy.句子种类按句子的用途分按句子的结构分陈述句疑问句祈使句简单句并列句复合句感叹句•1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.•2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.•3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?简单句复合句简单句•4.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.•5.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.•6.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorning.并列句复合句简单句•7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.•8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?•9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.•10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句简单句简单句简单句结构1.主语+谓语2.主语+谓语+宾语3.主语+谓语+双宾语4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语5.主语+系动词+表语1.简单句（只有一个主语和谓语）1）Igotane-mailyesterday.2）Itwasfrommyforeignfriend.3）HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.4）TomandMikeareAmericanboys.5）Shelikesdrawingandswimming.6）Myparentsgavemesomeadvice.7）Maryheardabirdsinginginthetree.8）Ifoundalittleboystandinginfrontofmydoor.9）Mycarbrokedownjustnow.10）Atrafficaccidenthappened.2.并列句(简单句+并列连词+简单句)并列连词有：and,but,or,so,for1)Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.2)Thefutureisbrightbuttheroadisnotflat.3)Thisisourfirstlesson,soIdon’tknowallyournames.4)Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.5)Weputoffthesportsmeeting,fortheweatherisbad.3.复合句（主句+从句）主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。1）Idon’tknowthatheisanengineer.2）Heaskedmeif/whetherIwillgoforapicnicthisweekend.3）Couldyoutellmewherethebankis.4)TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.5)Theboywentontohelphismotherafterhefinishedhishomework.6）IfIamfree,I’llvisittheOldPeople’sHome.7）Althoughheispoor,heoftenhelpsothers.8）Whathesaysdoesn’tsuithim.9）IlikethemusicthatIcandanceto.10）Heprefersthemusicianswhoareenergetic.11）Shelikesvisitingtheplaceswheretheweatheriswarm.宾语从句（TheObjectClause)1.Theboyasksthegirl,”What’syourname”?Thegirlsays,“MynameisHanMei.”2.Thegirlaskedthedoctor,”Whatiswrongwithher?Thedoctorsaid,“Youjusthaveacold.”1.Theboyasksthegirlwhathernameis?2.ThegirlsaysthathernameisHanMei.3.Thegirlaskedthedoctorwhatwaswrongwithher?4.Thedoctortoldherthatshejusthadacold.whatthatwhatthathernameishernameisHanMeiwaswronghadacold宾语从句四要素引导词语序时态人称由that引导(陈述句）由特殊疑问词:what,which,who,howwhose,whom,when,where,why,…引导（特殊疑问句）由whether,if引导（一般疑问句/选择疑问句）1.宾语从句的引导词：()1.—Canyoutellme____itisfromheretotheSummerPalace?—Letmesee.It’saboutfifteenminutes’ride.A.howlongB.HowsoonC.howfarD.howmuchC中考链接（考查引导词）1.Iwanttoknow________it’sgoingtoraintomorrow.2.Ihear_____hewillbebackinanhour.3.Heasked______couldanswerthequestion.4.Doyouknow_____theyaredoingnow?5.Heaskedme______Igotupthismorning.6.Pleasetellme_____nameisBob.7.Couldyoutellme_____youarelateagain?用恰当的引导词填空if/whether(that)whowhatwhenwhosewhy选择whether,if填空1.I’mworriedabout_________Ididwellintheexam.2.Askhim__________togotoAnn’spartytonight.3.I’mnotsure__________ornotIshouldfollowyouradvice.4.—I’mnotsure________Icancatchtheearlybus.—Ithink_______yougetupearly,youcan.1.在介词后面,只能用whether.2.在动词不定式前,只能用whether.3.与ornot连用时，只能用whether.4.表示“如果”时只能用if.whetherwhetherwhetherif/whetherif如果1.think的宾语从句否定前移,疑问词放句首。e.g1)Hehasn’tbeentoTibet.Ithink.(合并为一句）Idon’tthinkhehasbeentoTibet.2)你认为他去哪里了？A.Doyouthinkwherehehasgone?B.Wheredoyouthinkhehasgone?C.Doyouthinkwherehashegone?D.Wheredoyouthinkhashegone?3)你认为我们班谁最聪明？A.Whodoyouthinkisthecleverest?B.Doyouthinkwhoisthecleverest?注意：B.Wheredoyouthinkhehasgone?A.Whodoyouthinkisthecleverest?()6.—Doyouknow_____theMP4yesterday.—Sorry,I’venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayforB.howmuchhepaidforC.hepaidforhowmuchD.hepaidhowmuchforB中考链接（考察语序）1)你能告诉我怎么去博物馆吗？Couldyoutellmehow________gettothemuseum?2)他问我来自哪里？Heaskedmewhere______________.3)请告诉我你刚才去哪里了。Pleasetellmewhere____________justnow?IcanIcamefromyouwent“主语+谓语”2.宾语从句的语序：2.当疑问词作宾语从句的主语时，语序不变：1)What’swrong?2)What’sthematter?3)What’shappening?4)Whathappened?5)Whichisthewaytothehospital?eg:1)我不知道她怎么了？Idon’tknowwhat’sthematterwithher.2)你知道哪条路是去医院的吗？Doyouknowwhichisthewaytothehospital?注意：()2.—WhereisTom?Doyouknow?—Ithinkhe_____tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.goesC.hasbeenD.went()3.Tomsaidhe____backinaweek.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.hascomeAB中考链接（考察时态）()4.Pleasetellme_____.Ihavesomegoodnewsforhim.A.whereRobertlivesB.wheredoesRobertliveC.whereRobertlivedD.wheredidRobertliveA中考链接（考察综合运用）.()7.Thenewdesignedcarisonshownow.Iwonder_____.A.howmuchitcostB.howmuchdiditcostC.howmuchitcostsD.howmuchdoesitcostC中考链接（考察综合运用）Tom_________(be)toGuilintwice.she_________(come)tomorrow.Jim_________(go)toworkanhourago.he_____(be)interestedinEnglish.（1）.主句（一般现在时），宾语从句（任何时态）Ihear(that)3.宾语从句的时态:hasbeenwillcomewentis1.HesaidthathewillgotoXi’ansoon.2.Lilytoldmethatsheisillyesterday.3.BobsaidheiswatchingTVatthattime.4.Marytoldmethatshehashadsupperalready.wouldwaswaswatchinghadhad（2）.主句（一般过去时），宾语从句（相应的过去时态）。1)Hesaidthatthesun______(be)muchbiggerthanthemoon.2)Myteachertoldmethatlight_______(travel)fasterthanthesound.3)Iknewtheearth_________(move)aroundthesun.（3）.当宾语从句是客观存在的事实或者真理时，仍是用一般现在时态。istravelsmoves注意：3.宾语从句转化为简单句1)Ireallydon’tknowwhatIshould