莎士比亚十四行诗第八首赏析

我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……”英文赏析：Thisisoneofthemostfamousofallthesonnets,justifiablyso.Butitwouldbeamistaketotakeitentirelyinisolation,foritlinksinwithsomanyoftheothersonnetsthroughthethemesofthedescriptivepowerofverse;theabilityofthepoettodepictthefairyouthadequately,ornot;andtheimmortalityconveyedthroughbeinghymnedinthese'eternallines'.Itisnoticeablethatherethepoetisfullofconfidencethathisversewillliveaslongastherearepeopledrawingbreathupontheearth,whereaslaterheapologisesforhispoorwitandhishumblelineswhichareinadequatetoencompassalltheyouth'sexcellence.Now,perhapsintheearlydaysofhislove,thereisnosuchself-doubtandtheeternalsummeroftheyouthispreservedforeverinthepoet'slines.Thepoemalsoworksatarathercuriouslevelofachievingitsobjectivethroughdispraise.Thesummer'sdayisfoundtobelackinginsomanyrespects(tooshort,toohot,toorough,sometimestoodingy),butcuriouslyenoughoneisleftwiththeabidingimpressionthat'thelovelyboy'isinfactlikeasummer'sdayatitsbest,fair,warm,sunny,temperate,oneofthedarlingbudsofMay,andthatallhisbeautyhasbeenwonderfullyhighlightedbythecomparison。这是整体赏析1.ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thisistakenusuallytomean'WhatifIweretocomparetheeetc?'Thestockcomparisonsofthelovedonetoallthebeauteousthingsinnaturehoverinthebackgroundthroughout.OnealsoremembersWordsworth'slines:We'lltalkofsunshineandofsong,Andsummerdayswhenwewereyoung,SweetchildishdayswhichwereaslongAstwentydaysarenow.Suchreminiscencesareindeedanachronistic,butwiththerecurrenceofwordssuchas'summer','days','song','sweet',itisnotdifficulttoseethepermeatinginfluenceoftheSonnetsonWordsworth'sverse.2.Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:Theyouth'sbeautyismoreperfectthanthebeautyofasummerday.moretemperate-moregentle,morerestrained,whereasthesummer'sdaymighthaveviolentexcessesinstore,suchasareabouttobedescribed.3.RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,MaywasasummermonthinShakespeare'stime,becausethecalendarinuselaggedbehindthetruesiderealcalendarbyatleastafortnight.darlingbudsofMay-thebeautiful,muchlovedbudsoftheearlysummer;favouriteflowers.4.Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Legalterminology.Thesummerholdsaleaseonpartoftheyear,buttheleaseistooshort,andhasanearlytermination(date).5.Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Sometime=onoccasion,sometimes;theeyeofheaven=thesun.6.Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,hisgoldcomplexion=his(thesun's)goldenface.Itwouldbedimmedbycloudsandonovercastdaysgenerally.7.Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Allbeautifulthings(everyfair)occasionallybecomeinferiorincomparisonwiththeiressentialpreviousstateofbeauty(fromfair).Theyalldeclinefromperfection.8.Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:Bychanceaccidents,orbythefluctuatingtidesofnature,whicharenotsubjecttocontrol,nature'schangingcourseuntrimmed.untrimmed-thiscanrefertotheballast(trimming)onashipwhichkeepsitstable;ortoalackofornamentanddecoration.Thegreaterdifficultyhoweveristodecidewhichnounthisadjectivalparticipleshouldmodify.Doesitrefertonature,orchance,oreveryfairinthelineabove,ortotheeffectofnature'schangingcourse?KDJaddsacommaaftercourse,whichprobablyhastheeffectofdirectingthewordtowardsallpossibleantecedents.Shepointsoutthatnature'schangingcoursecouldrefertowomen'smonthlycourses,ormenstruation,inwhichcaseeveryfairinthepreviouslinewouldrefertoeveryfairwoman,withtheimplicationthattheyouthisfreeofthiscyclicalcurse,andisthereforemoreperfect.9.Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Referringforwardstotheeternitypromisedbytheeverlivingpoetinthenextfewlines,throughhisverse.10.Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,Norshallit(youreternalsummer)loseitsholdonthatbeautywhichyousorichlypossess.ow'st=ownest,possess.Bymetonymyweunderstand'norshallyouloseanyofyourbeauty'.11.Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Severalhalfechoeshere.Thebiblicalonesareprobably'Ohdeathwhereisthysting?Orgravethyvictory?'implyingthatdeathnormallyboastsofhisconquestsoverlife.AndPsalms23.3.:'YeathoughIwalkthroughthevalleyoftheshadowofdeathIwillfearnoevil'Inclassicalliteraturetheshadesflittedhelplesslyintheunderworldlikegibberingghosts.ShakespearewouldhavebeenfamiliarwiththisthroughVirgil'saccountofAeneas'descentintotheunderworldinAeneidBk.VI.12.Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,ineternallines=intheundyinglinesofmyverse.Perhapswithareferencetoprogeny,andlinesofdescent,butitseemsthattheprocreationthemehasa