摘要模板abstract

考研英语写作破解-应用文写作(小作文)-摘要1.写作攻略摘要是对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩并写成语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不需加入任何主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。摘要写作要求简明扼要，用词准确。摘要题型写作是难度非常大的一种写作形式。随着考生英语水平的不断提高，这种题型引起考生的普遍重视。写作摘要时应该注意以下几点：(1)动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，力求抓住其大意，掌握原文要点。如果一遍不能明白，可以多读几次，读的次数越多越容易明白文章大意。(2)摘要的长度不应超过原文的三分之一，一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制。(3)在做摘要时考生切忌照搬原文，应该用自己的语言来写。一篇摘要应该是语言的再创造，而不是原文词语的简单堆砌。(4)摘要应与原文的观点保持一致，为了使摘要条理清晰，无特殊情况应按原文的逻辑顺序排列。(5)摘要要做到内容完整，没有大的遗漏，使读者无需查看原文就能够获得原文的主要内容。应重点反映主要观点，删除细节。(6)削除例子，简化描述。用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。(7)检查与修改时，考生应重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。另外，写摘要时应该使用简单的衔接词，如but,then,thus,yet,for等等，而不能使用atthesametime,ontheotherhand等。2.必背模版句型Thispapermainlydealswith...这篇论文主要是写……Thisarticlefocusesonthetopicsof(that,having,etc)...这篇文章的强调的主题是……Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...这篇短文主要是讲关于……的知识。Thisthesisdiscusses/analyzes...这篇论文讨论/分析了……Thispaperprovidesanoverviewof...这篇文章综述了……Thisarticlecompares...andsummarizeskeyfindings.这篇文章比较了……并总结了主要的发现。Thispaperpresentsup-to-dateinformationon...这篇论文介绍了关于……的最新信息。Thisarticlenotonlydescribes...butalsosuggests...这篇文章不仅描述了……而且建议……Thispaperprovidesamethodof...这篇为……提供了方法。Thispaperintroducesanapplicableproceduretoanalyze...这篇文章介绍一种分析……的可行程序。Thispaperisdevotedtoexaminingtheroleof...这篇论文致力于研究……的作用。Thispaperreflectsthestateoftheartin...这篇论文展示了……目前的情况。Thisarticlereviewsthetechniquesusedin...这篇文章综述了……领域采用的技术。Thewriterofthisessaytriestoexplore...本文作者试图探讨……Theaim/purpose/objectiveofthispaperistodetermine...本文的目的/目标是为了决定……3.必背经典范文将下面这篇约500词的原文按要求写成约150词的摘要。HowNewYorkBecameAmerica，sLargestCityInthe18thcenturyNewYorkwassmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston.TodayitisthelargestcityinAmerica.Howcanthechangeinitssizeandimportancebeexplained？Toanswerthisquestionwemustconsidercertainfactsaboutgeography，history，andeconomics.TogetherthesethreewillexplainthehugegrowthofAmerica?smostfamouscity.ThemapoftheNortheastshowsthatfourofthemostheavilypopulatedareasinthisregionarearoundseaports.AtthesepointsmaterialsfromacrosstheseaentertheUnitedStates，andtheproductofthelandaresentthereforexportacrossthesea.Economistsknowthatplaceswheretransportationlinesmeetaregoodplacesformakingrawmaterialsintofinishedgoods.Thatiswhyseaportsoftenhavecitiesnearby.ButcitieslikeNewYorkneededmorethantheirgeographicallocationinordertobecomegreatindustrialcenters.Theirdevelopmentdidnothappensimplybychance.About1815，whenmanyAmericansfromtheeastcoasthadalreadymovedtowardthewest，traderoutesfromtheportstothecentralregionsofthecountrybegantobeaseriousproblem.Theslowwagonsofthattime，drawnbyhorsesoroxen，weretooexpensiveformovingheavyfreightveryfar.AmericanshadlongadmiredEurope?scanals.InNewYorkStateacanalseemedthebestsolutiontothetransportationproblem.FromtheeasternendofLakeErieallthewayacrossthestatetotheHudsonRiverthereisalongstripoflowland.HeretheErieCanalwasconstructed.Afterseveralyearsofworkitwascompletedin1825.Thecanalproducedanimmediateeffect.Freightcostswerecuttoaboutone-tenthofwhathadbeen.NewYorkCity，whichhadbeensmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston，quicklybecametheleadingcityofthecoast.Intheyearsthatfollowed，transportationroutesontheGreatLakeswerejoinedtoroutesontheMississippiRiver.ThenNewYorkCitybecametheendpointofagreatinlandshippingsystemthatextendedfromtheAtlanticOceanfarupthewesternbranchesoftheMississippi.Thecomingoftherailroadsmadecanalshippinglessimportant，butittiedNewYorkevenmorecloselytothecentralregionsofthecountry.ItwaseasierforpeopleinthecentralstatestoshiptheirgoodstoNewYorkforexportoverseas.ExportsfromNewYorkweregreaterthanimports.Consequently，shippingcompanieswereeagertofilltheirshipswithpassengersonthereturntripfromEurope.PassengerscouldcomefromEuropeverycheaplyasaresult.ThusNewYorkbecamethegreatestportforreceivingpeoplefromEuropeancountries.Manyofthesepeopleremainedinthecity.OthersstayedinNewYorkforafewweeks，months，oryears，andthenmovedtootherpartsoftheUnitedStates.ForthesegreatnumberofnewAmericansNewYorkhadtoprovidehomes，goods，andservices.Theirlaborhelpedthecitybecomegreat.摘要HowNewYorkBecameAmerica?sLargestCityNewYorkwasoncesmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston，butnowitisAmerica，slargestcitybecauseofgeography，historyandeconomics.NewYorkwaslocatedattheseaportwherematerialswereimportedtotheUSandtheproductsoftheUSweresentabroadacrossthesea.ThecitywasfurtherdevelopedwhentheErieCanalwascompletedin1825.ThislinkedLakeErietoNewYorkviatheHudsonRiverandthecostoftransportinggoodstothosewhohadsettledinlandwascutdown.Inaddition，theGreatLakesweresoonlinkedtotheMississippi.Later，railroadstiedNewYorkclosertothecentralstates，whosegoodswereexportedviaNewYork.Fewergoodswereimported，socheappassageswereavailablefromEurope.NewYorkbecamethemainportforreceivingEuropeans，manyofwhomstayedinthecityandhelpeditbecomegreat.Thispaper/thesis/compositionmainlydiscusses/aimsat/focuseson/centerson…(主题/主旨).Theauthorfirstlists/states/argues…Thenhe/thepaperanalyses/illustrates/supports…from…(几个)aspects./Toconcludethem,…Aboveall,…Besides,…What’smore/Finally,…Thepaperfinallyendswith/comestoaconclusionthat…英语摘要精品模板一Inthefirstparagraphofthedissertation,theauthorhighlightsthatdueattentionhastobepaidto__.