高级英语第六版unit-6-black-English

Unit6Text1BlackEnglishBlackEnglish2BlackEnglish1.PhoneticdifferencesAsforphone,themostprominentphoneticcharacteristhesimplificationofconsonantclusters.WordsBlackEnglishStandardEnglishPassed/pa:s//pa:st/Past/pa:s//pa:st/Desk/des//desk/3BlackEnglishSE:thing,thank,thigh,thoughtBE:thing,thank,thigh,thought(nodeviation)BE:dis,dat,dem,dese,doseSE:this,that,them,these,thoseBE:muvah,bruvah,bafroom,burfdaySE:mother,brother,bathroom,birthday4BlackEnglish2.LexicaldifferencesA.SpellingE.g.There--dere,without--widout,don'tknow--dunno,zebra--aebray,himself--hisselfWordsthatindicatethepossessive:THEYforTHEIRSE:Theboysputtheirhats...BE:Theboysputtheyhats...5BlackEnglishB.Differenceinmeaningandusagea.Be:1)asalinkverb,nochange,meaningahabite.g.Shebelateeveryday.2)asafuturetensee.g.Ibegoinghometomorrow.3)e.g.Youare'tsick,isyou?4)beenasapastactione.g.Hebeentherebefore.6BlackEnglishb.Done:1)doneequalsdide.g.Idonemyhomeworkthismorning.2)asacompletedactione.g.Idonefinishmyworktoday.c.Regularverbwithouted:1)Shelookformelastnight.d.Disagreementofverbandpronoune.g.Shehavemanyfriends.e.Mixedusageofse.g.Twogirljustleft.7BlackEnglish3.GrammaticaldifferencessentencestructureofBlackEnglishBe:1)none-berulee.g.Hegone.Shetootall.2)itisortheregoreplacingtherebee.g.It'smanychildrenontheplayground.3)doublesubjecte.g.Myson,hehaveanewcar.4)doublenegativee.g.Daviddon'tknownothing.8BlackEnglishBlackEnglishisthelanguageofblackAmericans.Butnotall36millionAfricanAmericanschoosetospeakblackEnglish,especiallytheeducatedmiddleandupperincomeblacks.ThevarietyofEnglishspokenbysomeblackpeopleintheUS.9BlackEnglishIntheUnitedStates,thetermBlackEnglishusuallyreferstotheeverydayspokenvarietiesofEnglishusedbyAfricanAmericans,especiallyoftheworkingclassinurbanneighborhoodsorruralcommunities.LinguistsgenerallypreferthetermAfricanAmericanVernacularEnglish(AAVE),althoughsomeusethetermEbonics,whichsawwidespreaduseinthelate1990s.10BlackEnglishInfact,theEnglishspokenbyAfricanAmericansishighlyvaried—asvariedastheEnglishspokenbyanyotherracialorethnicgroup.SometimesBlackEnglishisusedtorefertoothervarietiesofEnglishspokenbyBlackpeopleoutsideoftheUnitedStates,asintheCaribbeanandtheUnitedKingdom.11Whylanguagematters?12LanguageandDialect•Regionaldialects–geographicalareas•Socialdialects–socialgroups13Regionaldialects1415Regionaldialects16Regionaldialects17Regionaldialects:VarietiesofEnglish18Regionaldialects:VarietiesofEnglish19Socialdialectssocialgroups:•socialclass(India–caste)•religion(Baghdad–differentvarietiesofArabicamongtheChristian,JewishandMuslim)•ethnicity(US-blacks,ItalianandJewishethnicity)MyFairLady窈窕淑女cockney20LanguageandpowerAlanguagehasmorepowerthananyofitsdialects.Alanguageisthepowerfuldialectbutithasbecomesobecauseofnon-linguisticfactors,political,socialreligious,economic…Thestandardvarietyofanylanguageisactuallyonlythepreferreddialectofthatlanguagethathasbeenchosenforsomereasontoserveeitherthemodelornormforothervarieties.Itistheempoweredvariety.AnIntroductiontoSociolinguisticsbyRonaldWardhaugh21LanguageandpowerStandardChinese,Putonghua,MandarinCantoneseParisianFrenchFlorentineItalian22LanguageandpowerLearningadialectoraforeignlanguageCantonese1990sRussian1950s1960sEnglish1990s23LanguageandpowerFrenchspokeninBritainafter1066WilliamtheConqueroraristocracyGermantaughtintheschoolsofAlsaceandLorraineProvincein1873afterNapoleonlosttoPrussia24LanguageandidentityAparticulargroupofpeoplefindsasenseofidentitythroughusingaparticularlanguage.Social,political,religious,orethnictiesmayalsobeimportantforthegroup,butthebondprovidedbyacommonlanguagemayprovetobethestrongesttieofall.Inthe19thcentury,aGermannationwasunifiedaroundtheGermanlanguage.Inthe18thcentury,thesamewithRussianforRussianpeopleHebrewunifiedJewishpeopleafterWWII.“Whenapeopleareenslaved,aslongastheyholdfasttotheirlanguageitisasiftheyhadthekeytotheirprison.”MonsieurHamelinTheLastLessonbyAlphonseDaudet25Thelanguagewespeakdefineswhoweareandwherewestandinthesocietyandtheworld.26ThesisThesisstatement:(P1)…actuallyheisspeakingaradicallydifferentdialectthatisasconsistentandelegantaswhitesconsidertheirStandardEnglishtobe.Thesisrestatetment:(P7)BlackEnglishisusingadifferentsetofrulesthanthoseofStandardEnglish.27P1BlackEnglish?•colloquial,incorrectandinferiorformofStandardEnglish•adialectwithitsowngrammar,vocabularyandsoundsystem√28P1VeryfewwhiteAmericansareawareoftheextenttowhichthegreatmajorityofblackAmericanssufferfromlinguisticschizophrenia.VeryfewwhiteAmericansareawarehowconfusedandbewilderedthegreatmajorityofblackfeelbecauseofthelanguagetheyspeak.29P1schizophrenia[skitsfrini]:aseriousmentalillness.Peoplewhosufferfromitareunabletorelatetheirthoughtsandfeelingstowhatishappeningaroundthemandoftenwithdrawfromsociety精神分裂症diglossia:bilingual,withtwovarietiesofthesamelanguagecolloquial:spoken,informal,non-literarybestigmatized:beashamede.g.Childreninsinglefamiliesmustnotbestigmatized.consistent:(here)logical30P2TwodifferentviewsonBEtheracist:physicalcharacteristic(anatomyofrace)inferior–eradicatedthewell-intention