Unit-9.-For-Peace-and-Development

PartIA/BLanguagegroupinganautonomousorganizationrelatedtoFAOwasestablishedin1954asanautonomousorganizationrelatedtotheUnitedNations.anautonomousbodyaffiliatedwithIMFisanautonomousbodyaffiliatedwiththeUnitedNations.aspecializedagencyofWHOisaspecializedagencyoftheUnitedNations.agovernmentagencyinNASAisagovernmentagencyintheU.S.anagentofUNESCOisanagentoftheUN.anintegralpartofUNICEF,anintegralpartoftheUnitedNationssystem,wascreatedattheendofWorldWarII.ansuccessortoWTOwasformedonJanuary1st,1995assuccessortotheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT).theglobalinternationalorganizationdealingwithWTOistheonlyglobalinternationalorganizationdealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.theprimaryregionalvehicleforAPEChassincebecometheprimaryregionalvehicleforpromotingopentradeandpracticaleconomiccooperationamongAsia-Pacificeconomies.LanguagereminderEU:EuropeUnion欧洲联盟（欧盟）FAO:FoodandAgriculturalOrganization（联合国）粮食与农业组织beestablishedinFAOwasestablishedin1954.beformedinOECDwasformedin1961.becreatedinOPECwascreatedin1960.ItsheadquartersisinItsheadquartersisinRome.withitssecretariatinOECDwasformedin1961withitssecretariatinParis.withitsheadquartersinWHOwasformedin1984,withitsheadquartersinGeneva.ItssecretariatislocatedinItssecretariatislocatedinSingapore.Itgroups…membercountries.Itgroups29membercountriesinanorganizationtodiscussanddevelopeconomicandsocialpolicy.Itencompasses…countries.NowitencompassesalltencountriesofSoutheastAsia.IMF:InternationalMonetaryFund（联合国）国际货币基金组织OECD:OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment经济合作与发展组织WHO:WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织WTO:WorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织APEC:Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation亚太经贸合作组织ASEAN:AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations东南亚国家联盟（东盟）NATO:NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织NASA:NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration美国国家航空航天局OPEC:OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织（欧佩克）UNESCO:UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization联合国教科文组织UNICEF:UnitedNationsInternationalChildren’sEmergencyFund联合国儿童基金会CBackgroundinformationZhuRongji:ZhuRongji(born23October1928inChangsha,Hunan)isaprominentChinesepoliticianwhoservedastheMayorandPartychiefinShanghaibetween1987and1991,beforeservingasVice-PremierandthenthefifthPremierofthePeople'sRepublicofChinafromMarch1998toMarch2003.Histimeinofficesawthecontinueddouble-digitgrowthoftheChineseeconomyandChina'sincreasedassertivenessininternationalaffairs.Zhuwasalsowidelyknownforhischarismaandtastefulhumour.FromApril6to14,1999,PremierZhuRongjipaidhisfirstofficialvisittotheUnitedStatessincehisselectionasChina'sPrimeMinisterin1998.Finland’sfirstwomanPresident:TarjaKaarinaHalonen(born24December1943)istheincumbentPresidentofFinlandandalsothefirstfemaletoholdtheoffice.HalonenisagraduateoftheUniversityofHelsinki,whereshestudiedlawfrom1963to1968.Shestartedhercampaignforthepresidencyatthebeginningof1999.Sheeasilywonherparty'snomination,andeventuallygot40%ofthevotesinthefirstroundofthepresidentialelections,and51.6%inthesecondandbecamethe11thpresidentofFinlandin2000.DuringthetimeofherpresidencyshehasbeenextremelypopularamongFinns:herapprovalratingsroseandreachedapeakof88%inDecember2003.In2009,Forbesnamedheramongthe100MostPowerfulWomenintheworld.EhudBarak:EhudBarak(bornon12February1942)isanIsraelipoliticianwhoservedasPrimeMinisterfrom1999until2001.Heisagraduateinphysics,mathematics,andeconomicsfromHebrewUniversityandStanfordUniversity.In2005,hewasvotedthe61st-greatestIsraeliofalltime,inapollbytheIsraelinewswebsiteYnettodeterminewhomthegeneralpublicconsideredthe200GreatestIsraelis.YasserArafat:YasserArafat(24August1929–11November2004)wasaPalestinianleaderandaLaureateoftheNobelPrize(In1994,ArafatreceivedtheNobelPeacePrize).HewasChairmanofthePalestineLiberationOrganization(PLO)andPresidentofthePalestinianNationalAuthority(PNA).ArafatspentmuchofhislifefightingagainstIsraelinthenameofPalestinianself-determination.KimDaeJung:KimDaeJung(金大中)(4February1924–18August2009)wasPresidentofSouthKoreafrom1998to2003,andthe2000NobelPeacePrizerecipient.HecametobecalledtheNelsonMandelaofAsiaforhislong-standingoppositiontoauthoritarianrule.NobelPeacePrize:TheNobelPeacePrizeisoneofthefiveNobelPrizes(Physics,Chemistry,PhysiologyorMedicine,Literature,andPeace)bequeathedbytheSwedishindustrialistandinventorAlfredNobel.AccordingtoNobel'swill,thePeacePrizeshallbeawardedtothepersonwho“...shallhavedonethemostorthebestworkforfraternitybetweennations,fortheabolitionorreductionofstandingarmiesandfortheholdingandpromotionofpeacecongresses.”AlfredNobel'swillfurtherspecifiedthattheprizebeawardedbyacommitteeoffivepeoplechosenbytheNorwegianParliament.KoreanWar:TheKoreanWar(25June1950–armisticesigned27July1953)wasaconventionalwarbetweenSouthKorea,supportedbytheUnitedStates,andNorthKorea,supportedbythePeople'sRepublicofChina,withmilitarymaterialaidfromtheSovietUnion.ThewarwasaresultofthephysicaldivisionofKoreabyanagreementofthevictoriousAlliesattheendofWorldWarII.TheKoreanpeninsulawasruledbyJapanfrom1910.FollowingthesurrenderofJapanin1945,A