英语常见后缀

SuffixVerbsuffix•-ate,-en,-ify,-ize(-ise):makeorcausetohappen使……化，使成为e.g.create;lengthen;purify;organize,modernizeAdjectivesuffix•1.-able,-ible:capableof加在动词后，使动词变为形容词，其意义相当于情态动词can+此动词被动式。所以在语义上有被动意义enjoyable,visible,changeable,reliable•2.-al,-ant,-ent,-ish,-ive,-ly,-ous,-ic,-y:havingnatureof表示属性cultural,pleasant,confident,childish,active,lovely,ridiculous,fantastic,dusty•3.-ennial:yearlycentennial(一百周年纪念的),biennial（两年一次的）•4.-escent:growingconvalescent（康复期的）,adolescent•5.–full:fullmouthful,handful•6.–lateral:sideunilateral,multilateral•7.–less:withoutweightless（失重的）,childless•8.–vorous:eatingcarnivorous（食肉的）,herbivorous（食草的）,omnivorous（杂食的）NounSuffix•1.-al,-ance,-ence,-cy,-ency,-ment,-ness:stateofe.g.renewal,importance,existence,infancy,tendency,achievement,happiness•2.-cide:killinginsecticide,homicide(杀人犯),suicide•3.-cracy:rule统治democracy,autocracy（独裁）•4.-crat:advocate,partisanormemberof某种政体、主义的支持者democrat,bureaucrat（官僚主义者）•5.-ee:apersonwhoreceiveanaction•Cf.examiner（主考者）examinee（应试者）；employer（雇主）employee（雇员）•6.-er,-or,-ist,-eer,-ant:onewhodoesanactionemployer,actor,examiner,engineer,artist,applicant•7.-er:athingwhichdoesanactiontinopener（开罐器）,washer（洗碗机，洗衣机）•8.-ess:feminine,femaleactress,waitress•9.-ette,-y,-ie,-let,-ling:littleorsmall,diminutive,lovely表示小或昵称cigarette,kitchenette,daddy,granny,booklet,seedling（刚出芽的幼苗）,darling•10.-ism:doctrineof主义patriotism,socialism,communism,fascism•11.-itis:disease表示炎症bronchitis（支气管炎）,arthritis（关节炎）•12.-ity:nature,state表示抽象含义purity,reality•13.-ology:studyof……学，……论psychology,biology•14.-ry,-ary,-ery,-ory:placeof表示住所，场地nursery,laboratory,library,dormitory•15.-tion,-ion,-ty,-ity,-sion,-ship,-hood:conditionof表示属性certainty,diversity,tension,livelihood,hardship1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker,debtor2)-acy,表示性质，状态，境遇democracy,accuracy,diplomacy3)-ance,-ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience4)-ancy,-ency,表示性质，状态，行为，过程frequency,urgency,efficiency,5)-bility,表示动作，性质，状态possibility,flexibility,feasibility,6)-dom,表示“等级，领域，状态”freedom,kingdom,wisdom7)–age:package，shortage，marriage8)–ant:assistant，accountant，inhabitant9)-hood,表示资格，身份,年纪，状态childhood,manhood,falsehood10)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示行为的过程，结果，状况action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction11)-ism,表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism12)-ty,表示性质，状态，程度”purity,reality,ability,loyalty，identity13)-ment,表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument14)-ness,表示性质，状态，程度goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness15)–cy:bankruptcy，literacy，democracy16)-ship,表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”hardship,membership,friendship17)-th,表示动作，性质，过程，状态depth,wealth,truth,length,growth18)-tude,表示性质，状态，程度latitude,altitude(海拔)19)-ure,表示行为，结果exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)20)-grapy,表示……学，写法”biography,calligraphy,geography21)-ic,ics,表示……学……法logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics22)-ology,表示……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)23)-nomy,表示……学……术astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀•带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able,-ible:visible,flexible2)名词-ish:foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)3)–ive:active,sensitive,productive4)–like:manlike,childlike5)名词-ly:manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly6)–ory:satisfactory，illusory7)–ic:realistic，specific，poetic，energetic8)–ical:physical，classical，economical9)–some:troublesome,handsome10)–ful:beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful11)–ous:dangerous,generous,courageous,12)–ent:violent13)–most:foremost,topmost14)-less:表示否定，countless,stainless,wireless15)–al:personal，internal，critical，accidental，16)–ary:necessary，primary，secondary17)–ious:religious，furious，precious18)–y:dirty，healthy，rainy，thirsty，sunny3.动词后缀1)-ize,ise,表示做成，变成，……化“:modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize2)-en,表示使成为，引起，使有”:quicken,weaken,soften,harden3)-fy,表示“使……化,使成”:beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify4)-ish,表示使，令”:finish,abolish,diminish,establish5)-ate,表示“成为……，处理，作用”:separate,operate,indicate4.副词后缀1)(形容词)-ly：bad→badly严重地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地2)-wise：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地3)-ward(s)：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地