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Grammar------ModalVerb命题热点:•情态动词的基本用法;•情态动词表示态度的用法;•情态动词表示推测的用法;•情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。常见的情态动词有:can能may可以will,would(表意愿)need需要dare敢must必须haveto不得不shall,should应该(表义务)oughtto应该1.can,could的用法1)表能力,有“能”、“会”、“能够”的意思Canyoudriveacar?-Yes,Ican.-No,Ican‘t.注:过去式could语气比can更加委婉CouldIuseyourcar?2)征求许可,意为“可以…”CanIuseyourbike?(=may但没有may正式)3)表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句Canitbetrue?TodayisSunday.Hecan'tbeatschool.can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态(could),其他时态要用beableto的形式例如:can和beableto的比较Ihaven‘tbeenabletogetintouchwithher.我一直没能和她联系上。通常can和beableto可以互换2.may,might的用法2.1表示许可或征求对方的许可,有“可以”的意思。例如:Youmaygonow.MayIuseyourcomputer?注:过去式might表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如:MightIuseyourpenforawhile?注:回答以may开头的疑问句有如下表达法例如:-MayIsmokehere?肯定-Yes,youmay否定;-No,youcan't-Yes,please-No,youmustn't.-No,you'dbetternot.2.3表示猜测,通常只用于陈述句例如:Youmayberight.你可能是对的。2.5在口语中can可以代替may表示许可,但can较随便,may更正式例如:CanIuseyourbike,John?MayIhavealookatyourlicenseplease,sir?3.must的用法•3.1表义务,“必须”•例如:Youmusttalktothemabouttheirstudy.3.2在否定结构中表不许、禁止例如:Youmustn‘tsmokehere.附:关于must的回答。例如:MustIcleanthediningroomatonce?肯定:-Yes,youmust.(是的,你必须否定:-No,youneedn‘t.(不,你不必-No,youdon‘thaveto.3.3表坚定的建议例如:YoumustcomeandseeusassoonasyougettoShanghai.3.4表推测,暗含有很大的可能性例如:Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.[注意]may暗含的可能性较小,must暗含的可能性较大。Haveto的疑问句和否定句,多用助动词do构成。例如:•Didhehavetodoit?他得做那件事吗•Hedidn'thavetodoit.他不需要做那件事。4.haveto的用法haveto意为“不得不”,它虽属于情态动词,但它有人称、数的变化,其疑问句,否定句的构成也和其他的动词有所不同。4.1haveto&must(1)must强调“内在的职责”、“义务”,强调说话人的主观看法。haveto强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。(2)haveto可用于多种时态,而must一般用于现在时,其过去时与将来时分别由hadto与shall/willhaveto代替。(3)haveto的否定式表示“不需要”,mustn’t表不允许。例如:Youdon‘thavetogothere.你不需要去那儿。Youmustn’tgothere?你不准去那儿。5.need的用法need既可用作情态动词,又可用作实义动词作情态动词时,没有数和人称的变化,后接动词原形;作实义动词时,有数的变化和人称的变化,后接带to的不定式,意为“需要做…”。其否定式为“needn‘t”,表“不必”例如:Youneedn’tworry.你不必担心。其疑问句式为:Need+sb.+do?,表“需要…吗”例如:Needyougo?你得去吗?--No,Ineedn‘t.不必。--Yes,Imust.是的,我必须去。6.will和would的用法will,(1)表示“意愿”,Iwillhelpyou.(2)用于第二人称表征求意见,Willyouhavesomemorewine?(3)用于第三人称表推测。-Somebodyiscomingupstairs.-ThatwillbeMary.(4)表示将来或现在的习惯。Hewillcomethisafternoon.Theoldmanwillsitbythewindowforhours.例3:He’sstrange--he____sitforhourswithoutsayinganythingA.shallB.willC.canD.must分析:will用来谈习惯和特性,本句意思为“他很怪,能一坐几个小时一句话也不说”。答案为B。2.Would(1)表示过去的意愿。IwouldliketoseeMr.Smith2)表示过去的习惯。WhenIwasachild,wewouldgetupearlyandgoclimbing3)征求意见,语气比will委婉.Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?7.shall和should的用法1shall,(1)用于一﹑三人称,征求意见或提议。Shallwegooutforlunch?(2)用于第二人称,表一种强烈的感情,如“命令,禁止,威胁,允诺”等.Ifyoudaredothat,youshallbepunished.(3)表示规章,指示,预言等。Allshalldie.•例6:Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady.(2001上海)A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would•分析:在某些名词性从句中,should表示惊异、意外等情绪,常译为“竟然”。答案分别为C。如:Itseemsunfairthatthisshouldhappentome.真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。例1:“Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall例2:—Theroomissodirty._____wecleanit?—Ofcourse.(2003北京春)A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do分析:上述两题均考查shall的非常用含义,当shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时,表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。上述三题答案分别为D、B。should(1)表示义务,责任,意为“应当”。Youshouldpayforyourtaxes.(2)表示推测,可能性。意为“可能,应该”。It’smid-night,heshouldbehome.(3)用于提建议,请求,Ishouldsayitwouldbebettertodelaythemeeting.(4)表示惊讶和难以置信。Whyshouldhedosuchathing?•例6:Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady.(2001上海)A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would•分析:在某些名词性从句中,should表示惊异、意外等情绪,常译为“竟然”。答案分别为C。如:Itseemsunfairthatthisshouldhappentome.真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。•Should“应该”,主要表示主观看法,Oughtto“理应”,则更多反映客观情况,在谈到法律,规定.义务时用。如:Should&oughttoYoushouldfinishyourworkfirst,andthenwatchTV.Yououghttocleantheclassroom,foritisyourturntoday.9.情态动词表示“推测”的用法2.情态动词+动词的完成时——表示对过去情况的推测。1)must+have+v-ed.表示过去“一定发生了….”2)couldhavev-ed表示过去“很可能发生…”3)may/mighthavev-ed表过去某事“也许”发生4)oughtto/shouldhavev-ed意为“本来应该做…”5)needn’thavev-ed意为“本没必要做…”1.情态动词+动词原形—表示对现在的推测1.musthavev-ed例如:1)Sincetheditchisfullofwater,itmusthaverainedlastnight.2)Youcouldn’thavemetmygrandmother.Shediedbeforeyouwereborn.musthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为:can’t/couldn’thavev-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。2couldhavev-ed•couldhavev-ed表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。例如:Marycouldhaveoffwithherfriends.3.may/mighthavev-edmay/mighthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may比might表示的可能性稍大些。例如:Ican’tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday.4shouldhavev-ed如:Youshouldhavetoldmethetruth.Youshouldn’thaveleftheralone.Yououghtnottohaveleftheralone.•oughtto/shouldhavev-ed表示“本应该…”,含有“责备”、“不满”。Shouldn’thavedone./Oughtnottohavedone意为“本来不应该….”5.needn’thavev-edneedn’thavev-ed意为“本没必要…”。表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,例如:Youneedn’thavewakenmeup;Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.Youneedn;twashtheseclothesforme,Icanmanageit.1.Aleft—luggageofficeisaplacewherebags____beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will2.How___yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may3.—Theroomissodirty._____wecleanit?--Ofcourse.A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do4.MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who___havetakenit?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would5.—IsJohncomingbytrain?-Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may6.-Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinte
本文标题:情态动词课件
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