英语语法：宾语从句讲解及其练习题(附答案)

中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台1英语语法：宾语从句讲解及其练习题（附答案）一，引导词A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。例：Itoldhimthathewaswrong.l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。例：Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例：Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。例：Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台2l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例：Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。例：Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?(which做定语)Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)二，宾语从句的语序，宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例：Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.二，宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例:1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台32)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.lCouldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum?注意事项：u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。例：Shesaid:“IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.”ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.Sheaskedme:“Doyoulikemaths?”SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.u宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台4例：Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.Icon’tknowwhattodonext.Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.Hedidn’tknowwheretolive.DOSOMEEXERCISES:1.Canyousee________?A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat2.DoesJackcomefromJapan?Doyouknow?(合并成一个句子)Doyouknow_____Jack_____fromJapan?3._Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?_Hetoldmethathe___theDisneywouldthenextdayA.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit4.Hedidn’tknow__________A.what’sthematterB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatthematterwas5.Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow____A.whoweretheyB.whotheywereC.whowasitD.whoitwas6.Iwanttoknow_____A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台5C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis7.---Couldyoutellme___sheislookingfor?---Hercousin,susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which8.---WhatareyousearchingtheInternetfor?---I’mtryingtofindout____.A.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSARSandBIRDFLUB.HowmanypersonshavediedinIraqC.HowtoprotectourenvironmentD.WhyisourChineseteambeabletobeatKorea9.Doyouknow___________?(谁正在唱歌)10.Doyouknow___________?(她正在和谁谈话)11.Doyouknow___________?(昨天发生了什么事)(答案)Thekeys:1A.2if,comes.3D.4C.5D.6D.7C.8B9whoissinging10whosheistalkingwith