第十一课英语辅音连缀

Companyname辅音连缀(ConsonantClusters)在一个音节中，两个或三个以上相邻的辅音连在一起发音的情况，叫辅音连缀。辅音连缀中间不能停顿，它们在拼读时不能分开。连缀中的第一个辅音读得轻而短促，一带而过，之间不能加元音/ə/。辅音连缀可以出现在词首、词中和词尾，也出现在短语中间(其实不完全爆破等也是一种辅音连缀)。掌握好辅音连缀是通向地道口语大门的重点之一。1.首辅音连缀(1)摩擦音/s/后加爆破音/p//t//k/中的任何一个所构成的辅音连缀，即/sp//st//sk/中的/p//t//k/不送气，连缀之间不加任何元音。/s/发音时轻而短促;/p//t//k/发音时长而响亮。a)/s/+/p/:/s/发音时轻而短促，/P/发音时长而响亮。例如:speak;speciall)Willyouspeakup?Ican'thearyou?2)Mymotherisaspecialpersoninmylife.b)/s/+/t/:/s/发音时轻而短促，/t/发音时长而响亮。例如:stop;story1)Stoptalkingandlistentome!2)It'salongstory.说来话长/一言难尽。c)/s/+/k/:/s/发音时轻而短促，/k/发音时长而响亮。例如:skate;ski;sky1)A:Let’sgoskating.B:Ican‘tskateatall.2)A:Mike,canyouski?B:Yes,Ican.Butnotverywell.3)Theskyisgettingverycloudy.(2)在摩擦音/s/后加鼻辅音/m//n/、舌侧音/l/、半元音/w//j/时，/m//n//l//w//j/要失去部分浊音。/s/发音时轻而短促，/m//n//l//w//j/发音时长而响亮。a)/s/+/m/:/s/发音时轻而短促，/m/发音时长而响亮。例如:smart;smalll)He'sasmartbuisinessman.2)It'sasmallworld.b)/s/+/n/:/s/发音时轻而短促，/n/发音时长而响亮。例如:snow;snap;snake1)Hisshirtisaswhiteassnow.2)Thereisnosnapleftinhim.3)Hisbehaviorshowedhimtobeasnake.c)/s/+/w/:/s/发音时轻而短促，/w/发音时长而响亮。例如:sweet;sweat;swearl)Nosweetwithoutsweat.没有勤劳的劳动就没有甜蜜的收获。2)IswearI'llnevertellanyone.d)/s/+/l/:/s/发音时轻而短促，/i/发音时长而响亮。例如:sleep;slight;slim;slow1)Didyousleepwelllastnight?2)Ihaveaslightfever.3)Heslightedmyefforts.(3)爆破音/p//t//k//b//d//g/与/l//r//w//j/构成的辅音连缀发音时，爆破音必须十分轻而短促。当爆破音发音时，第二个辅音的发音已经做好了准备，即爆破音的爆破音与第二个辅音的发音同时进行。这是掌握好这一类辅音连缀的关键。/pl-/place/pr-/prude/pj-/pure/bl-/blow/br-/brown/bj-/beautiful/tj-/tune/tw-/twice/tr-/tree/dr-/dry/dw-/dwell/dj-/dune/kl-/class/kr-/cry/kw-/quite/kj-/cure/gl-/glass/gr-/grass/fl-/fly/fr-/fry/fj-/few/vj-/view/hj-/huge/ʃr-/shrink/θr-/through/mj-/music/nj-/new/lj-/lure(4)词首三个辅音连缀在口语中的读音技巧/sp//st//sk/中的一个加/l//r//w//j/中的一个，发音时应注意，第一个摩擦音/s/读得短而轻，第二个摩擦音/p//t//k/不送气或少送气并与第三个辅音同事进行完成发音，/l//r//w//j/失去部分浊音。三个辅音之间不能加元音/ə/。例如：a)/spl-/:split,splashl)MytrouserssplitwhenIsatdown.2)Don'tsplashme;Idon’twanttogetwet.b)/spr-/:spring;spread1)Whenpeoplesayunkindthingaboutherhusband,shespringstohisdefense.2)Therumorquicklyspreadthroughthevillage.c)/str-/:strict;streaml)Ourteacherisstrict;wehavetodowhatshesays.2)Tearsstreameddownhercheeks.d)/stj-/:stupid1)Howstupidofhimtoasksuchaquestion.2)Thisbookissostupid.Idon’twanttofinishit.3)Thestudentsstreamedintothestadium.e)/skw-/:square1)Thefighterssquaredoffagainsteachother.2)Theygaveusasquaredeal.f)/skr-/:screech;scrub;screwl)“Leavemealone!”hescreeched.2)Don'tforgettoscrubbehindyourears.3)Hescrewedthefactstosuithisownpurposes.2.尾辅音连缀英语的尾辅音连缀包含两个辅音，有少数包含三个辅音(例如:next,against)。包含两个辅音的尾辅音连缀有如下三种情况:1)/l/加/p//t//k//b//d//tʃ//dʒ//m//n//f//v//θ//s/。/-lp/help/-lt/melt/-lk/bulk/-lb/bulb/-ld/build/-ltʃ/belch/-ldʒ/bulge/-lm/film/-ln/kiln/-lf/self/-lv/twelve/-lθ/health/-ls/elseb)/n/加/t//d//s//tʃ//dʒ//θ/。3)/s/加/p//r//k/中的一个。/-sp/grasp;/-st/west;/-sk/ask/-nt/want;/-nd/hand;/-ntʃ/bench;/-ndʒ/change;/-nθ/month;/-ns/dance此外，常见的尾辅音连缀还有/-pt//-kt//-ks//-mp//-mf//-ŋk//-ps//-pt/apt;/-kt/act;/-ks/axe;/-mp/lamp;/-mf/triumph;/-ŋk/thank;/-ps/collapse3.词尾辅音连缀在口语中的读音技巧1)名词复数的读音技巧。英语规则名词的复数是名词后面字母加s或es，词尾-s，-es的发音规则为a)-s，-es在清辅音后发/s/b)-s，-es在元音和浊辅音后发/z/c)-es在/s//z//tʃ//ʃ//dʒ//ʒ/后发/iz/2)词尾/t/除外的清辅音+/s/的辅音连缀在口语中发音时，词尾清辅音在口语中读得轻而短，/s/读得稍重稍长;即:s在清辅音后读作/s/。a)Iborrowedtwobooksfromthelibrary.b)Doyouusuallyjudgepeoplebytheirlooks?c)Helikestogamble.3)词尾/d/除外的浊辅音+/s/读辅音连缀在口语中发音词尾/d/除外的浊辅音+/s/的辅音连缀在口语中发音时，词尾清辅音在口语中读得轻而短，/s/读得稍重稍长;即:s在浊辅音后读作/z/。a)Ifinallygotthejobofmydreams.b)Tellmeallaboutyourtroubles.c)Congratulationsonyournewjob.bend+s=bends潜函病ask+ed=asked请bronze+d=bronzed褐色，古铜色4.词尾三个辅音连缀在口语中的发音技巧有些单词的词尾已有辅音连缀/-ft//-st//-ld//-nd//-nz//-ks//-ps//-sk/等，如再加/s//z//t//d/，则形成三个辅音的连缀。英语首辅音连缀发音方法:/tr//dr/发首辅音连缀/tr/时，软腭抬起，舌尖抵上齿龈后部以形成阻碍，发音时舌尖以发/r/音的动作解除阻碍，使爆破清辅音/t/与/r/几乎同时发出，形成/tr/。发辅音连缀/dr/时，软腭抬起，舌尖抵上齿龈后部以形成阻碍，发音时，使爆破浊辅音/d/与/r/几乎同时发出，形成/dr/。/tr/atreeatrainatrip/dr/adressadreamadrinkadriverdrunk对话演练(dialogues)1)A:WhatcanIdoforyou?B:Well，I'lljoinamake-upparty，soIwanttodressmyhairstrangely.A:Noproblem.Thehairdresseriscoming.Butyourhairisverydry,let’shaveatryto…B:No,thanks.Ijustwanttodressmyhairstyleatonce.2)A:It'stoodreadfulthatsomanypeoplearecrowdingthetrain.B:Yes.Andthetrafficistoobad.A:Myclothesarecreasedbadly.B:Butwhynotdressyourselfcasually?脱口而出(Speakout)1)Whydon'tyougiveitatry,climbthetreetogetyourball?2)Thisdressisveryfashionable.Won’tyouhaveatry!3)Thereareseveralhundredpeopleonthetrain.4)Isawalotoftreasureinmydream.英语尾辅音连缀发音方法:/ts//dz/发尾辅音连缀/ts/时，舌尖贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔，产生/ts/。发辅音/dz/时，舌尖先贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔，产生/dz/。这两个辅音主要出现在以t/d结尾的单词加字母s时。/ts/coatsjetspetsseats/dz/bedsadsgoodshands对话演练(dialogues)1)A:Whatadsdoyouprefer?B:Somehumorousads.A:Well,thismagazinecouldmeetyourneeds.B:Oh,really.Ithaslotsofhumorousads.Thanks.2)A:Doyoulikekeepingpets?B:Yes,Ihavetwocatsandoneofthemwillhaveseveralkidsnextweek.A:Inthatcase,you’llhaveanotherseveralnewcats.B:Yes.Theremightbethreeorfour.B:Well,I'llmakealistforyou.A:Iwouldliketohaveoneofyournewcats.B:Noproblem.A:Oh,Imustpreparesomepet’sthings.脱口而出(Speakout)1)Somepeoplelikekeepingpets.2)It'srainingcatsanddogs.下着倾盆大雨。3)Iboughtapairofboots.4)I’mgoingtov