基于51单片机控制步进电机毕业设计论文

南京工业大学毕业设计题目：基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计学生姓名：学号：专业：电气工程与控制科学学院班级：指导教师：杨道业2016年6月I基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计摘要步进电动机是一种由电脉冲信号控制的执行元件，由于它具有易控制、体积小等特点，所以在数控系统、自动生产线、自动化仪表、绘图机和打印机等方面有着广泛应用。微电子技术的普及与应用以及微型计算机的飞速发展，逐步进入电机应用领域，这使得之前用硬件电路构成大而复杂的控制器，现在可以用软件来实现。这不仅降低了硬件成本，又提高了控制的灵活性、可靠性及多功能性。由于步进电机具有瞬时启动，急速停止，精度高等特点，用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，又非常可行，因此设计出基于单片机的步进电机控制系统具有极大的价值和广泛的应用。本文课题主要研究了基于单片机的步进电机系统的论证设计。课题内容包括概述步进电机与单片机的工作原理，对步进电机驱动电路进行了分析，以及对系统硬件电路及程序进行了设计与测试。步进电机控制系统的设计采用了软硬件协同仿真的方法，可以有效降低系统开发的时间与成本。利用protues仿真软件完成电机的正反转、加减速、启动停止等基础功能，利用单片机、步进电机驱动芯片、字符型LCD和键盘阵列等元件模块，设计了以控制器与驱动器为一体的步进电机仿真控制系统，实现了对步进电机的方位设定、位置控制等功能，并实时显示出步进电机的工作状态。该系统的硬件组成主要包括控制电路、显示电路、报警反馈电路以及驱动电路组成，根据硬件电路设计出相应的软件程序，进行调试与分析。该设计系统具有思路明确、可靠性高、稳定性强等特点。关键词：步进电机驱动电路单片机仿真控制系统IIDesignofsteppingmotorcontrolsystembasedonsinglechipmicrocomputerAbstractSteppingmotorisakindofbyelectricpulsesignaltocontrolactuator,becauseitiseasytocontrol,smallsizeandothercharacteristics,sointheCNCsystem,automaticproductionlines,automaticinstrument,drawingmachineandprinterhasawidelyapplication.Thepopularizationandapplicationofmicroelectronictechnologyandrapiddevelopmentofmicrocomputer,andgraduallyintotheapplicationfieldofthemotor,whichmakesbeforehardwarecircuitcontrolleroflargeandcomplexcannowbeusedsoftwaretoachieve.Thisnotonlyreducesthecostofhardware,butalsoimprovestheflexibility,reliabilityandfunctionalityofthecontrol.Becauseofthesteppermotorwithinstantaneousstart,rapidstop,highaccuracy,andwiththecompositionoftheopenloopsystemissimple,cheap,andverypractical.Therefore,thedesignofbasedonsingle-chipsteppermotorcontrolsystemhasgreatvalueandbroadapplication.Thispapermainlystudiesthedesignofthesteppermotorsystembasedonsinglechipmicrocomputer.Thecontentofthesubjectincludestheprincipleofstepmotorandsinglechipmicrocomputer,thesteppermotordrivecircuitisanalyzed,andthesystemhardwarecircuitandprogramaredesignedandtested.Thedesignofsteppingmotorcontrolsystemadoptsthemethodofsoftwareandhardwarecosimulation,whichcaneffectivelyreducethetimeandcostofthesystemdevelopment.UsingProtuessimulationsoftwaretocompletethemotorpositiveinversion,decelerationandstopstartandotherbasicfunctions,usingsinglechipmicrocomputer,steppingmotordrivechip,charactertypeLCDandkeyboardarrayelementmodule,thedesignofthecontrollerandthedriverforonestepintothesimulationofmotorcontrolsystem,realizesthefunctionofthesteppermotorrangesetting,positioncontrolandreal-timedisplayofastepintotheworkingstateofthemotor.Thehardwareofthesystemconsistsofcontrolcircuit,displaycircuit,alarmfeedbackcircuitanddrivecircuit,thecorrespondingsoftwareprogramisdesignedaccordingtothehardwarecircuit,andthedebuggingandanalysisarecarriedout.Thedesignsystemhasthecharacteristicsofclearthinking,highreliability,strongstabilityandsoon.Keywords:steppingmotor;drivecircuit;singlechipmicrocomputer;simulationandcontrolsystemIII目录第一章绪论...................................................................................................................................11.1课题背景...........................................................................................................................11.2课题的目的和意义...........................................................................................................11.3课题的内容.......................................................................................................................2第二章步进电机的结构与特点...................................................................................................32.1步进电机的构造...............................................................................................................32.2步进电机的工作原理.......................................................................................................32.3步进电机的主要特征.......................................................................................................52.4步进电机绕组的电气特性...............................................................................................62.5步进电机的选型...............................................................................................................8第三章设计原理分析...................................................................................................................93.1设计目的...........................................................................................................................93.2设计要求...........................................................................................................................93.3总体设计方框图...............................................................................................................93.4设计方案论证.................................................................................................................103.4.1系统控制方案........................................................................................................103.4.2驱动模块方案选择................................................................................................123.4.3最终方案确定........................................................................................................14第四章步进电机控制系统硬