批评性话语分析-理论与方法

20013()No.32001(147)JOURNALOFXIAMENUNIVERSITY(Arts&SocialSciences)GeneralNo.147:X(,361005):30,,:,,,,:;;;:H0-06:A:0438-0460(2001)03-0149-07(criticaldiscourseanalysis)2070Hall[1]1980,1972-1979,Fairclough,1983-1992[2](P1),Fairclough1989,[3],70,80-90Criticaldiscourseanalysis([4][5][6])([7])text,discourse[8](discourseanalysis),(textlinguistics),FaircloughWodakdiscourse:(languageuseinspeechandwriting)[9](P258)criticaldiscourseanalysis,,Fairclough[2][10][11]:(1)(socialpractice),,,[4](P22)(2),941X:2001-01-18:(1959-),,,(3)Fairclough,[2](P259),,()()AntonioGram2sci,JrgenHabermasLouisAlthusser,Gramsci,,,(politicalsociety)(civilsociety),(hegemony),[12]Althusser(ideas),()[13],(),,,GramsciAlthusser(Hall)[1]Habermas(idealspeechsituation),(distortedcommunication),(ideologicaldiscourse)MichelFoucault()(knowledgesystems),,[14](P159),,,,[14](P182),()Foucault:,,[14](P160)MikhailBakhtinBakhtin,[15]Kristeva[16]051,,(),(intertextuality),,:;,,,FaircloughWodak19851217BBC3,[9](P268-280)1.,Fairclough,[10]2.,,(),,,,,3.,(),,,,:()()()[17]4.,,,(,),(),,151intertextuality,(,,1998)(,,1999,P3)([7],intertextualanalysis[7])([5]),,,,,,,intertextuality(,),,5.,,,,,40(theFalklandsWar),6.,(ordersofdiscourse),,,(),,,,7./,,,peoplewe,people?we?,:,:,,,8.(socialaction),,,,,,,1.:[18][19]Halliday,,,,,,,,,/:,[20]//,[4](P24)251/,Fowler(198661)5,:PCshotboyfrom9inches.(,9):Robbersson,five,killedinhisbed.(,5,)[21]PC,PC,PC,,,,sonRobbers,,1999319,,:Itismyunderstandingthattheinvestigationhasnotyetdeterminedforsurethatespionageoccurred.(,),::::Spychargesunproven:Clinton.,,;,,,,,,,,2.Bakhtin,,Fairclough,,(conversationalization),,[10][22],[7](P38),,,,[5](P47)[2](P191-193)Prudence:Ivealwaysbeenamother,awifeandahousecleaner.Iwanttodosomethingelse(laughs).Youknow.((),)351Katherine:Youknowthatsabsolutelyunderstandable.Thats,thatdoesnt(P.:Good,laughs)makeyouabadperson.(,(P:![]))Prudence:Good(laughs)thatsonereasonIwentoutandgotajobinSeptembercauseIcouldnthandleitbeinghomeallthetime,youknow,Iwas,justnoadultconversation...((),,,)Katherine:Youknowthatsarealgrowthstepforyou,torealizethoseneedsandthentogotakesomeaction,todosomethingaboutthem.Doyouseethatasagrowthstep?(,:,:?)Prudence:Hethinkshissexlifeiscrazy.Hethinks,whatdoyouwanttoreadbooks,whenyouwantit...(,?)Katherine:Whenyoucouldbehavingsex.()PrudenceKatherine(medicalinterview)(counsellinginterview),,(youknow);(good);(Whenyoucouldbehavingsex.)3.Foucault,UtzMaas,,,,[9](P267)SiegfriedJagerFoucault,,,,(),[9](P268)RuthWodak,,1986,,/,,,,,intertextuality(),intertextuality,451,,,:[1]HALL,S.,HOBSON,D.,LOVE,A.&WILLIS,P.(eds)Culture,Media,Language:WorkingPapersinCulturalStudies1972-1979[C].London:Hutchinson,1980.[2]FAIRCLOUGH,N.CriticalDiscourseAnalysis:TheCriticalStudyofLanguage[M].London:Longman,1995.[3]CLARK,R&IVANIC,R.Raisingcriticalawarenessoflanguage[J].LanguageAwareness.1999,(2).[4].[J].,1995,(1).[5].[J].,2000,(4).[6],.[A]..[C].:,2000.[7].[J].,2000,(1).[8].[Z].:,1988.[9]FAIRCLOUGH,N.&WODAK,R.Criticaldiscourseanalysis[A].InT.VANDIJK(ed.)DiscourseasSocialIn2teraction[C].London:Sage,1997.[10]FAIRCLOUGH,N.LanguageandPower[M].London:Longman,1989.[11]FAIRCLOUGH,N.DiscourseandSocialChange[M].Cambridge:PolityPress,1992.[12]FORGACS,D.AGramsciReader[M].London:LawrenceandWishart,1988.[13]ALTHUSSER,L.Ideologyandideologicalstateapparatus[A],InLeninandPhilosophyandOtherEssays[C].London:NewLeftBooks,1971.[14].[M]1:,1999.[15]BAKHTIN,M.TheDialogicalImagination[M].Austin,TX:UniversityofTexasPress,1981.[16]KRISTEVA,J.Word,dialogueandnovel[A],inT.MOI(ed)AKristevaReader[C].Oxford:Blackwell,1986.[17]HALLIDAY,M.A.K.IntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar[M].2ndedn.London:EdwardArnold,1994.[18]HALLIDAY,M.A.K.LanguageasSocialSemiotic[M].London:EdwardArnold,1978.[19]FAIRCLOUGH,N.MediaDiscourse[M].London:EdwardArnold,1995.[20]FOWLER,R.LanguageintheNews:DiscourseandIdeologyinthePress[M].London:Routledge,1991.[21]FAIRCLOUGH,N.DiscourseandSocialChange[M].Cambridge:PolityPress,1992.[:]CriticalDiscourseAnalysis:TheoriesandMethodsJIYu2huaAbstract:Criticaldiscourseanalysis(CDA)hasahistoryof30years.ItsmaintheoreticaloriginisWesternMarxism,anditsaimistouncoverpowerrelationships.CDAoftenusesthemethodofsystemic-functionalanalysis,intertextualanal2ysisandhistoricalanalysis,whicharecomplementaryandcancomplementtraditionalmethodsofsocialandculturalanaly2sis.CDAisasocialactionandhascontributedtosocialandculturalprogress.Keywords:criticaldiscourseanalysis,theories,principles,methods551