研究生学术英语写作教程Unit-1-key

Unit1Keysfor1.3.1,1.3.2DevelopinganAcademicVoice:Mostinexperiencedwritersuseonlythevoiceswithintheirexperience.Whenthereisnarrowexperience,theremaybetheuseofinappropriatevoice.Writersmayresorttotheircasualvoice,whichisinappropriateforacademicwriting.Developinganappropriatevoiceinacademicwritingestablishesauthorityandrespectforthewriter.Anacademicvoicecanbedevelopedthroughunderstandingcategoriesofvoice,recognizingyourwritingvoice,andlearningvoicechangingstrategies.CategoriesofVoice:-Formalvoiceisaninformativevoiceusedinanalysisandcritique.-Consultativevoiceisreservedforopinion,reaction,position,andpersuasionpapers.-Casualvoiceallowsyoutosharepersonalknowledgeandexperience.Thisstyleisnotappropriateforanacademicpaperunlessexpresslyallowedbyyourprofessor(asinapersonalnarrative).StrategiesforChangingyourVoice:-EliminatecasualfillersEliminatewordsthatareassociatedwithcasualstyleandaregenerallyfoundinconversation.Youcanensureyouareusinganacademicvoicebyavoidingcolloquialspeechpatternsinyourwriting.Example:“Youknow,”“well,”“now”-PersonCheckfortheappropriatepersonforeachstyleofpaper.Firstandsecondpersonpronounsaresometimesapplicabletotheconsultativevoice,butnottheformal.Besureyouareconsistentwithyourusagethroughoutthepaper.-WordinessandWordChoiceExpressideasclearlyandconciselybyremovingextraneouswordsthatonlyprovideconfusion.Also,removeambiguouswordssuchas“very”or“great”andselectwordsthatprovidespecificdefinition.Keysfor2.1.1VerifyMakesuresomethingistrueExamineLookatcarefullyDemonstrateShowIntendMeanInvestigateLookintoSurvive,penetrateGetthroughDiscoverTrytofindoutEliminateGetridofConclusionEndNumerous,myriadAlotofKeyfor2.2Aconjunctionconnectswords,phrases,orclausesandcanalsoindicatetherelationshipbetweentheelementsitconnects.Inonlyonesinglesentenceweoftenfindthatitcontainsoneormoreideaswhichmaybeequalorunequalinimportance.Whentheideasareequal,theyarecalledcoordinateideas.Thesesentencesmaybejoinedintoacompoundsentencethatshowstherelationshipbetweenthetwoideas.Whenthisisdoneinsuchawaythattheequalityoftheideasismaintained,wecalltheclausesinthenewsentencecoordinateclauses.Keysfor3.11.Sciencemagazine2.advertisement3.Hemingway’sshortstory:catintherain4.aresearchpaper5.anewspaperKeysfor3.2No.Y/NReason(s)foryourdecision1NOralexpressions2YPassivevoice3NFirstsingularpersonused,oralpresentation4YOthers’opinionpresented5YPassivevoice6NFirstsingularpersonused7NLoosely-connectedsentence8NVerbalphraseused9NThisisfromanewspaperadvertisinganewtranslatingmachine10YStructuralcomplexityKeyfor3.3Thereappeartobetwoprincipalreasonsforthegrowingtrafficcongestion.Firstly,publictransportationhasbecomeincreasinglyexpensiveinrelationtothefallingcostofdriving.Inaddition,carownershipismoreconvenientthanusingpublictransportation,togetherthesefactorsresultinhighervehicledensity.