新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材-高级英语-第二册-Unit1

Unit1TheHappyMan新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语2电子教案3DetailedReadingContents24516WarmUpGlobalReadingConsolidationActivitiesTextAppreciationFurtherEnhancementSection1:WarmUpWatchavideoabouttheformulaofhappinessanddiscussthisquestion:whatinyouropinionarethemainsourcesofhappiness?Thefollowingquotationsabouthappinessareforyourreference.Lead-inBackgroundInformationSection1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformation1.Happinessisthemeaningandthepurposeoflife,thewholeaimandendofhumanexistence.(Aristotle)2.Happinessiswhenwhatyouthink,whatyousay,andwhatyoudoareinharmony.(MahatmaGandhi)3.Happinessisnotareward—itisaconsequence.(RobertIngersoll)4.Happinessisdifferentfrompleasure.Happinesshassomethingtodowithstrugglingandenduringandaccomplishing.(GeorgeSheehan)5.Happinessisnotastationyouarriveat,butamanneroftraveling.(MargaretLeeRunbeck)Section1:WarmUpAbouttheAuthorBertrandRussell:aBritishphilosopherandpoliticalactivist.Russellbecamethebest-knownphilosopherofhistimebecauseofthevolumeandclarityofhiswriting,andthevigorandprominenceofhispoliticalactivism.HismajorearlyworkwasThePrinciplesofMathematics,firstpublishedin1903.1872-1970BackgroundInformationLead-inSection2:GlobalReadingWhatisthetextmainlyabout?StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaInthisarticle,theauthorpointsoutthatwhentheexternalcircumstancesarefavorable,thegreatestobstacletohappinessisself-centeredpassions.Heproposesthatoneshouldcultivategenuineinterestsintheoutsideworldtogetridoftheobstacleandachievenaturalandhealthyhappiness.Hebelievesthatonlybytakingoneselfasamember,ratherthanasthecenter,oftheuniverse,canonefindthegreatestjoyoflife.Section2:GlobalReadingPleasedividethetextinto3partsandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartI(Paragraphs1-3)IntroductionInParagraphs1-3,theauthorpointsoutclearlythatthegreatestobstacleinpeople’swaytohappinessistheirexcessiveself-absorption.PartIII(Paragraphs6-7)DiscussiononSelf-denialParagraphs6and7aredevotedtothediscussionofself-denialwhich,accordingtotheauthor,isalsoakindofself-centeredpassion.PartII(Paragraphs4-5)SolutionInParagraphs4-5theauthoroffershissolution—tocultivategenuineinterests,andintroducesindetailthespecificremediesforsuchself-centeredpassionsasthesenseofsin,self-pityandfear.Section2:GlobalReadingStructuralAnalysisMainIdeaSection3:DetailedReading1Happiness,asisevident,dependspartlyuponexternalcircumstancesandpartlyupononeself.Wehavebeenconcernedinthisvolumewiththepartwhichdependsupononeself,andwehavebeenledtotheviewthatsofarasthispartisconcerned,therecipeforhappinessisaverysimpleone.Itisthoughtbymany,amongwhomIthinkwemustincludeMr.Krutch,whomweconsideredinanearlierchapter,thathappinessisimpossiblewithoutacreedofamoreorlessreligiouskind.TheHappyManSection3:DetailedReadingItisthoughtbymanywhoarethemselvesunhappythattheirsorrowshavecomplicatedandhighlyintellectualizedsources.Idonotbelievethatsuchthingsaregenuinecausesofeitherhappinessorunhappiness;Ithinktheyareonlysymptoms.Themanwhoisunhappywill,asarule,adoptanunhappycreed,whilethemanwhoishappywilladoptahappycreed;eachmayattributehishappinessorunhappinesstohisbeliefs,whiletherealcausationistheotherwayround.Section3:DetailedReadingCertainthingsareindispensabletothehappinessofmostmen,butthesearesimplethings:foodandshelter,health,love,successfulworkandtherespectofone’sownherd.Tosomepeopleparenthoodalsoisessential.Wherethesethingsarelacking,onlytheexceptionalmancanachievehappiness,butwheretheyareenjoyed,orcanbeobtainedbywell-directedeffort,themanwhoisstillunhappyissufferingfromsomepsychologicalmaladjustmentwhich,ifitisverygrave,mayneedtheservicesofapsychiatrist,butcaninordinarycasesbecuredbythepatienthimself,providedhesetsaboutthematterintherightway.Section3:DetailedReadingWhereoutwardcircumstancesarenotdefinitelyunfortunate,amanshouldbeabletoachievehappiness,providedthathispassionsandinterestsaredirectedoutward,notinward.Itshouldbeourendeavortherefore,bothineducationandinattemptstoadjustourselvestotheworld,toaimatavoidingself-centeredpassionsandatacquiringthoseaffectionsandthoseinterestswhichwillpreventourthoughtsfromdwellingperpetuallyuponourselves.Itisnotthenatureofmostmentobehappyinaprison,andthepassionswhichshutusupinourselvesconstituteoneoftheworstkindsofprisons.Section3:DetailedReadingAmongsuchpassions,someofthecommonestarefear,envy,andthesenseofsin,self-pityandself-admiration.Inalltheseourdesiresarecentereduponourselves:thereisnogenuineinterestintheouterworld,butonlyaconcernlestitshouldinsomewayinjureusorfailtofeedourego.Fearistheprincipalreasonwhymenaresounwillingtoadmitfactsandsoanxioustowrapthemselvesroundinawarmgarmentofmyth.Section3:DetailedReadingButthethornstearthewarmgarmentandthecoldblastspenetratethroughtherents,andthemanwhohasbecomeaccustomedtoitswarmthsuffersfarmorefromtheseblaststhanamanwhohashardenedhimselftothemfromthefirst.Moreover,thosewhodeceivethemselvesgenerallyknowatbottomthattheyaredoingso,andliveinastateofapprehensionlestsomeuntowardeventshouldforceunwelcomerealizationsuponthem.QUESTION2Oneofthegreatdrawbackstoself-centeredpassionsisthatthey