unit-6-offer-and-counter-offer

Unit6OfferandCounter-offerLettersLeadingInOfferAnofferistheexpressionofthewishesofthesellertosellparticulargoodsunderstatedterms(includingquality,prices,timeofshipment,termsofpaymentetc.).Thepersonmakingtheofferiscalled“offeror”报盘人,whilethepersonreceivingtheofferiscalled“offeree受盘人”Ininternationalbusiness,offerscanbedividedintotwokinds:firmofferandnon-firmoffer.FirmofferAfirmofferismadewhenasellerpromisestosellgoodsatastatedpricewithinastatedperiodoftime.Onceithasbeenaccepteditcannotbechangedorwithdrawnandthetransactionwillbeconcluded.Whenthevalidityisoverdue,thisofferwillceasetobeeffectiveandtheofferorwillnolongertaketheresponsibilityofcarryingoutthecommitments承诺保证stipulated规定intheoffer.Non-firmofferNon-firmofferisaninformaloffermadebytheofferor,whichhasgotnovaliditytermsbutwithclearindicationofitsconfirmationconditions,suchas“subjecttoourfinalconfirmation”.Itcanbeconsideredasanofferwhicharenotuponbindingthesellersandthedetailsoftheoffersmaychangeincertainsituations.Warm-upexpressionscounter-offeroffereroffereeofferlist/bookofferingperiodLump块状offerbid投标出价还盘，还价报盘人受盘人报价单报价日综合报盘（针对两种以上商品）递价；出价；递盘（由买方发出）外贸函电1.offer:apromisemadebythesellertsupplygoodsontermsstated.v.n.报盘offersbsthataprice以…价格向某人报盘offersbfirm给某人报实盘makesbafirmofferforsthataprice向…报实盘afirmoffer实盘anon-firmoffer虚盘toacceptanoffer接受报盘toconfirmanoffer确认报盘afirmoffer实盘anon-firmoffer虚盘toacceptanoffer接受报盘toconfirmanoffer确认报盘todeclineanoffer拒绝报盘toentertainanoffer考虑接受报盘toextendanoffer延长报盘towithdrawanoffer撤销报盘tocancelanoffer取消报盘torenewanoffer恢复报盘发盘就是发价或报价，在法律上称为要约。“凡向一个或一个以上的特定的人提出的订立合同的建议，如果其内容十分确定并且表明发盘人有在其发盘一旦得到接受就受其约束的意思，即构成发盘。”发盘可由卖方提出，也可由买方提出，因此，有卖方发盘和买方发盘之分。后者习惯上称为递盘。(bid)StructureofanofferAnexpressionofthanksfortheinquiryyouhavereceivedInformingthemofthedetailedtermsandconditionsaboutthesuppliedcommodities,suchasnames,quality,quantity,specifications,priceterms,discounts,termsofpayment,packinganddeliverydateetc.Informingthemofthevalidityoftheoffer(forfirmoffer)ExpressingyoursincereexpectationofreceivingtheirordersExpressionsusedtoindicateaNon-firmOffer以我方最后确认为准subjecttoourfinalconfirmation现报盘，以我方最后确认为有效。Wearenowmakingyouanoffersubjecttoourfinalconfirmation.LanguagePoints•Wehopetobeabletooffernextweek.我们希望下周能报盘。•WecanofferforMen’sShirtsatcompetitiveprices.•Wewillmakeyouafirmofferassoonaspossible.我们能尽快向你方报实盘。offer与quotation的区别：Offer为报盘，也就是说除了针对某种商品的价格外，还应该包括数量、交货期、支付方式等交易条件。Quotation为报价，即某种商品的价格。Anindicationofthepriceatwhichasellermightbewillingtooffergoodsforsale.我们能以竞争性的价格开报男式衬衫的报盘。Ourofferisfirmforthreedays.2.firmadj.notsubjecttochange,definite确定的；有效的We’repleasedtomakeyouafirmoffer.我方报盘有效期为三天。欣然向你方报实盘。LanguagePointsLanguagePoints3.stockn.库存；存货storeofgoodsavailableforsale,distributionoruse,inashop,warehouse,etc.astockof一批…现货fromstock（exstock）现货；动用库存instock库存中comeinto（to）stock库存有货outofstock无货；缺货LanguagePoints1)Thereisnomorestockonhand.2)Wecansupplyyoufromstock.我们可以现货供应。手头已无存货。3)Thetypeyourequiredisoutofstock，butthesimilartypeisinstock.你方询购的型号无货。类似的型号有货。LanguagePoints4.hold:v.continuetobetrueorvalid3)TheofferImadetoyoulastweekstillholds.上星期我给你买的发盘仍然有效。1)该论据仍然站得住脚。Theargumentstillholds.2)Theofferholdgooduntil4o’clockp.m.,18tehofDecember,Beijingtime.我们的报盘有效期到北京时间12月18日下午4点。LanguagePoints2)We’remakingyouafirmofferasfollows,subjecttoyourreplyreachingusbytheendofthisweek.5.subjectadj.dependingonsthasacondition以…为条件；以…为准；取决于；现向你方报实盘如下，以你方答复于本周末前到达为有效。1)Theplanissubjecttothedirector’sapproval.该计划须经主管批准。LanguagePoints•Theofferissubjectto….本报盘以…为准。这个表达法是典型的虚盘，即无约束力的报盘。类似的表达法：•Theofferissubjecttopriorsale.本报盘以货物先售出为条件。•Theofferissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.本报盘以随时更改而勿需另作通知为条件。•Theofferissubjecttogoodsbeingunsold.本报盘以货物未售出为条件。•Wemakeyoutheofferwithoutengagement.此报盘为无约束力的报盘。Caution一个实盘从法律角度上讲，必须符合三点要求才构成实盘：•Clear内容清楚确切不含糊其词，模棱两可。•Complete交易条件完整（商品名称、规格、包装、数量、交货期、价格支付方式、装运期等）;对报盘有效期做出规定，这一点也很重要。•Final无保留：发盘人愿意按照他所提出的交易条件受盘人签订合同，除此之外，没有任何保留条件。LanguagePoints1)subjecttoourfinalconfirmation2)subjecttopriorsale3)subjecttothegoodsbeingunsold4)subjecttochangewithoutnotice5)withoutengagement一般保留条件有以下表达法：LanguagePoints•Aswehavequotedourmostfavorablepricesandanycounterofferswillnotbeentertained.我方所报价格已是最优惠的，因此不能考虑接受任何还盘。6.entertainv.(fml)bereadyandwilingtoconsider考虑接受•Wearenotinapositiontoentertainanyfreshordersonaccountoftheuncertaintyofrawmaterials.由于原材料的不确定，所以不能考虑接受任何新订单。LanguagePointsLanguagePoints7.demandn.v.需求，后接介词forbeinlargedemandfor大量需求beingooddemandfor大量需求beinheavydemandfor大量需求beinbriskdemandfor需求活跃beinregulardemandfor常年需求beinsmalldemandfor需求不大LanguagePoints•Theymadethedemandthatyoudeliverthegoodsinthefourthquarter.他们要求你们在第四季度交货。•Wedemandimmediatedelivery.我们要求立即交货。•Thebuyerdemandsofthesellertoshipthegoodswithinamonth.买方要求卖方在一个月内发货。LanguagePoints8.thestrengtheningmarket行市坚挺Themarketadvances.行市上涨Themarketrises.行市上涨Themarketstiffens.行市坚挺Themarkethardens.行市坚挺Themarketsoars.行市上涨Marketisstrong.行市坚挺Marketisfirm.行市坚挺Marketisbrisk.行市活跃Marketisadvancing.行市上涨Marketisdeclining.行市下跌Marketisweak.行市