初中现在完成时

Whatdoyoulikedoing?Whendidyoustartit?Doyou…itnow?Doyoulikeswimming?Whendidyoustart?Doyouswimnow?Howlonghaveyouswum?结构肯定式:主语+have/has+过去分词(规则变化+ed)(见不规则动词表)否定式:主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词…疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+…?1.have2.receive3.get4.see5.live6.teach7.learn8.lose1.had,had2.received,received3.got,gotten4.saw,seen5.lived,lived6.taught,taught7.learnt,learnt8.lost,lost1.give2.get3.make4.buy5.have6.say7.know8.go9.be1.gave,given2.got,got/gotten3.made,made4.bought,bought5.had,had6.said,said7.knew,known8.went,gone9.was/were,been1.IhavebeentoChinathreetimes.一般疑问句2.WehavestudiedEnglishsincewewerechildren.否定句3.MrSmithhasvisitedmanycitiessincehecametoChina.划线提问HaveyoubeentoChinathreetimes?Wehaven’tstudiedEnglishsincewewerechildren.HowlonghasMrSmithvisitedmanycities?用法(1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作，并对现在有影响。常与already,yet,just,recently,ever,never,before,inthepast…years等表示不确定时间的时间状语连用。Ihavereturnedthebookalready.Haveyouheardfromyourfatherrecently?Hehasn’tcomebackyet.(2)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。此时，句中谓语动词通常是延续性动词，且常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：thesedays,allthisyear,recently,for+时间段以及since+时间点等等。ZhangLan_____already_____intheschoolfortwoyears.(study)MrGreen__________inChinasincetenyearsago.(work)hasstudiedhasworked现在完成时和一般过去时1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,强调现在的情况.不能和过去的时间状语连用.yesterday,lastnight,in19992.一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态,和现在不发生关系,它和过去的时间状语连用.Ihaveseenthefilm.我看过这部电影.(我了解这部电影的内容)Isawthefilmlastweek.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不)1.I___(get)theglobeonmyfifthbirthday.2.Mymother__________(play)thepianoalready.She_______(play)itlastnight.3.I___________(have)justsupper.I_____(have)itjustnow.4.They__________(see)thefilmrecently.They____(say)theylikeditverymuch.5.He___________(look)forhisdogfortwodays.gothasplayedplayedhavehadhadhaveseensaidhaslooked注意要点(1)现在完成时不能和表“过去”的时间副词或短语连用.如:yesterday,lastyear,in1990不能与它连用.Ihaveboughtthebookyesterday.(×)(2)现在完成时动词如是短暂性动词,不能带for或since短语或从句作状语.(肯定句)Ihaveboughtthebookfortwoyears.(×)如在现在完成时中,短暂性动词与一段时间连用,应把短暂性动词改为持续性动词.Ihavehadthebikefortwoyears.=Ihavehadthebikesincetwoyearsago.=ItistwoyearssinceIboughtthebook.=Iboughtthebiketwoyearsago.短暂性动词持续性动词get,arrive,reachbein/at…/here/therejoinbuyclosebecomelosebegin/startbein…/beamemberofhavebeclosedbebelostbeonreceiveleave/gocomebegintostudygetuphavegotcatchacoldmakefriendshavebeawaylive/work/stay/teach…studybeuphavehaveacoldbefriends短暂性动词持续性动词短暂性动词持续性动词borrow/lendfallasleep/illgettoknowdiegetmarriedbuyfinishkeep,havebeasleep/illknowbedeadbemarriedhavebeover1.Theyhaveboughtthebooksincetwodaysago.(×)Theyhavehadthebooksincetwodaysago.2.Tom’sfatherhasdiedfortwoyears.(×)Tom’sfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.3.Ihaveleftschoolfortwoyears.(×)Ihavebeenawayfromschoolfortwoyears.1.Hehasborrowedthepenfortwodays.(×)Hehashadthepenfortwodays.=Hehashadthepensincetwodaysago.=Heborrowedthepentwoyearsago.=Itistwoyearssinceheborrowedthepen.(∨)(3)短暂性动词可用在不带一段时间状语的现在完成时中Ihavelostmylibrarybook.Thefilmhasbegun.(3)表在过去某时发生的动作,但现已成为一种经验,汉语中常用“曾经”,“从来没有”,“过”等词.常与ever,never,once,twice,threetimes,before等连用.Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.Hehasoncetaughthere.(4)在否定句中,短暂性动词可与since或for一段时间状语连用.Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.（4）havebeen(to)和havegone(to)的区别：“havebeen(to)”指“到过某地”，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来、侧重指经历。“havegone(to)”指“已经去了某地”，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。“havebeenin”,呆在某地1.IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.2.MyfatherhasgonetoShanghai.3.HehasbeeninShanghaifortwoyears.1.I____totheGreatWallthreetimes.A.goB.havegoneC.wentD.havebeen2.Hehasworkedatthefactory____hecametothecity.A.sinceB.beforeC.whenD.assoonas3.TheWhites____manyplacessincetheycametoChina.A.havevisitedB.willvisitC.visitedD.visit4.Myteapotisempty.Who___allmytea?A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drinkDAAC5.------___yourbrother____anewwatch?------Notyet.A.Have,boughtB.DoesbuyC.Has,boughtD.willbuy6.Howlonghaveyou____theradio?A.boughtB.foundC.hadD.borrowedCCItisabouttenyearssinceheleftthetown.1.Hehas__________fromthetown______abouttenyears.2.Hehasbeen____fromthetown_____abouttenyears____.3.He_____thetownabouttenyears_____.beenawayforawaysinceagoleftago