高考英语动词的时态及语态讲解

第1页共55页高考英语动词的时态及语态讲解：高中常考的动词时态：一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在does/do被动:is/am/aredoneis/am/aredoing被动:is/am/arebeingdonehas/havedone被动:has/havebeendonehas/havebeendoing被动：/过去did被动:was/weredonewas/weredoing被动:was/werebeingdonehaddone被动:hadbeendonehadbeendoing被动：/将来will/shalldois/am/aregoingtodo被动:willbedonebegoingtobedonewill/shallbedoingwillhavedone过去将来would/shoulddo被动:wouldbedone二：专题讲解一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时第2页共55页1、一般现在时主动：does/do时间状语：today,everymorning/night/evening/day/week/year,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,seldom,never,occasionally,fromtimetotime,atpresent,twiceaweek,rarely,seldom,onceamonth,hardly,ever,never.被动：is/am/aredone(1)表示主语现在的特征或状态，性格，能力，爱好等。Sheisquitewelltoday.Tomhasagoodsenseofhumor.(2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用Igotoschoolbybuseveryday.Hedoesexcisetwiceaweek.(3)表示客观事实或普遍真理。Lightgoesfasterthansound.Thephysicsteachertoldusthatlightgoesfasterthansound.Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.★在宾语从句中，对于客观真理、自然现象和言语时，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。(4)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。(5)在某些剧本、解说、书报标题，球赛现场报道，或当句子为倒装句（以here,there等开头），常用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。Look!Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell/HerecomesMr.Wang.PEACETALKSFAIL.和谈失败。(6)在when,before,after,assoonas,once,until等引导的时间状语从句和if,unless引导的条件状语从句中，一般用一般现在时表示将来，而不用一般将来时。第3页共55页Itwon’tbelongbeforetherainstops.IfBobstaysawayfromthejunkfood,hewillbeingoodhealth.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.WhenIgraduateI’llgotothecountryside.Therewillbeapicnicunlessitrainstomorrow.(7)表说话时状态和感觉或结果的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。感官动词：hear,see,taste,notice,smell,feel;表示态度感情的动词：like,dislike,love,hate,fear,agree,believe,heat,care,forget,mind,understand;表占有：belong,have(拥有),want,own,possess;表心理状态：feel,want,prefer,wish,believe,know,mean,realize,think,remember;表存在状态和持续：look,owe,be(is，am，are),seem,suppose.Ihearsomeonesinging.我正听见有人唱歌。Doyouseeanyoneoverthere?你看到那里有什么人吗？Whatdoeshethinkofit?他觉得这怎么样？Itdoesn’tmatter.Doesithurt?(感觉结果)(8)表将来时间①表示按时间表、计划将要发生的动作，已确定或安排好的事情，用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。主语通常是事物，且句中常带有时间状语。表示往返位移的动词：go,come,leave,arrive,drive,fly,move,return,ride,sail表示开始结束的动词：begin,close,end,open,start,stopHestartsnextweek.他下个星期出发。Weleaveverysoon.我们很快就离开。第4页共55页Thetrainstartsat10o'clockinthemorning.火车将在早上10点开出。Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.Theplanetakesoffat11:30.(不受主观支配的计划)②若主语是人，多用现在进行时或将来进行时表已确定的计划。I’mtakingfourcoursesnextsemester.WehaveinvitedtheBrowns.Theyarecomingtodinner.Don’tcallbeaftersevenbecauseI’llbestudyinginthelibrary?(9)谓语动词是hope，takecarethat，makesurethat等后的宾语仍句中，用一般现在时表示将来。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavehere.练习1.Thefatheraswellaschildren_____everySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing2.Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou_______home.A.wroteB.willwriteC.havewrittenD.write3.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob?—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered4.Ithinkitisnecessaryformy19-year-oldsontohavehisownmobilephone,forIsometimeswanttomakesureifhe_____homefordinner.A.comeB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome填空：1.Heprovedthattheearth_____(move)aroundthesun.第5页共55页2.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.3.Hewillcallyouassoonashe_____(get)home.翻译：1.父亲每天早晨都浇花。2.我女儿喜欢看电视和听音乐。3.我最喜欢的课是英语4.我爸爸周日早上看报纸2、现在进行时:当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。主动：is/am/aredoing被动：is/am/arebeingdone时间状语：now,rightnow,atthismoment,atpresent,thisweek,thesedays,感叹号型：Look!…Listen!…(1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.Theyaretalkingnow.Theyareworkingthesedays.(2)习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)(3)有些“移动”动词用现在进行时表示将来的动作，这类的动词有：第6页共55页go，come，leave，fly，move，start，begin，arrive，stay，get，do，have，meet，play，return，see，spend，stay，work，return等。HeisflyingBeijing.他将要飞往北京。MikeiscominghomeonThursday.迈克星期四回来IamspendingnextweekinSanya.我将要在三亚度过下周。I’mcoming.我就来了。We’regoingtoShanghainextweek.Mr.BlackisleavingforLondoninafewdays.(4)与always,constantly,forever,often等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.Theheatingisforevergoingofffornoreason.供暖设备不知怎么的常常停止工作。Heisalwaysthinkingofhowhecoulddomoreforthepeople.Heisconstantlyleavinghisthingsabout.练习：单选1.Look!He_____theirmotherdothehousework.A.ishelpingB.arehelpC.ishelpD.ishelping2.Don’ttalkhere.Mymother_____.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleep3.Danny______.Don’tcallhim.A.willwriteB.iswritingC.writingD.writes4.–When_____he_____back?–Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.does,comeB.arecomingC.iscomeD.iscoming第7页共55页填空1、It’steno’clock.Mymother______________(lie)inbed.2、We___________(play)gamesnow.3、What__________you__________(do)thesedays?4、Who__________(sing)inthenextroom?5、Thegirl__________(like)wearingasweater.Look!She__________(wear)aredsweatertoday.翻译：1.你为什么总是犯错?2.这几天他们正在山上种树。3.这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。2、一般将来时:表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常出现的动作或状态。主动：shall/willdobegoingtodo被动：willbedonebegoingtobedone时间状语：tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear,soon,inthreedays,fromnowone,inthefuture,soon,beforelong★★对将来要发生的动作或状态有多种表达方式，以下为几种常见的表达方式：第8页共55页①shall（主语为第一人称）／willdo…(带有一定的情态意义的“意图”，带有意愿的感情色彩)Wewillvisitthenaturemuseumtomorro