5-最小通风系统解析

MINIMUMVENTILATION最小通风系统September2011BernardGreenDiscussionTopics讨论题•Whyweventilate为什么要通风？•Whendoweuseminimumventilation?什么时间使用最小通风系统？•Birdrequirements鸡只需求•Effectsoftemperatureonoxygendemand温度对氧气需求的影响•Housesealingandinsulation鸡舍的密封与保温隔热•Problemswithpoorlysealedhouses鸡舍密封差的问题•Potentialsolutionstomanagingcurtain/leakyhouses管理卷帘/漏风鸡舍的建议方法•Whatisnegativepressure什么是负压？•Whyitisimportant为什么很重要？•Minimumventilationsystem最小通风系统•Minimumventilationrate最小通风量•Evaluatingminimumventilation评估最小通风WhyWeVentilate我们为什么要通风？Weventilateto:我们通风的目的是：•Createanairexchange创造空气交换•Controlmoisturelevels控制湿度水平•Controltheheatload控制热量水平•Controltheeffectivetemperature(T+RH+airspeed)控制有效温度（温度+相对湿度+空气速度）•Supplyoxygen提供氧气•Removeharmfulgases排除有害气体WhenDoWeUseMinVent?我们什么时间使用最小通风系统?•Itcanbeusedsummerandwinter冬夏均可使用•Itisusedanytimetheactualhousetemperatureisbelowtherequiredsetpointtemperatureforthebirds只要舍内温度低于鸡舍所设定温度时就可使用。•Itisusedwhentryingtomaintaintemperature,butstillputtingtheleastamountoffreshairpossibletomaintaingoodairquality只有在又要保持舍内温度，又需要少量的新鲜空气保持舍内良好空气质量时就可使用。•Whenthehousetemperaturegoesabovetherequiredsetpointtemperature,thenitisnolongerinminimumventilationmode鸡舍温度高于所设定的温度时，无需再使用最小通风系统。SetPointTemperature温度设定点MinimumVentilation最小通风系统TransitionandTunnelVentilation过渡通风或纵向通风系统BirdRequirements鸡只需求•Warmfloorduringbrooding育雏期地面要暖和•Goodairquality(oxygen)空气质量良好（氧气）•Notemperaturefluctuations无温度高低起伏•Nodrafts无贼风•Noenvironmentalstresses无环境应激•Itdoesn’tmatterwhattypeofhousingyouhave!不管您有什么类型的鸡舍都无所谓•Thesearethebirdrequirements这些就是鸡只的需求EffectsofTemperatureonOxygenDemand温度对氧气需求的影响•Oxygendemandislowestwhentheenvironmentallowsthechicktobeinitsthermoneutralzone环境条件允许鸡只处于热平衡局域时氧气的需求量最低。•Asenvironmentaltemperaturedecreases,oxygendemandincreases随着环境温度降低，氧气需求量上升。–Youcannotcompromiseventilationfortemperature切不可为保全温度而牺牲通风•Whenenvironmentaltemperatureincreasesandthebirdbeginstopant,oxygendemandincreases环境温度上升时，鸡只开始张嘴喘气，氧气需求量上升。HouseSealingandInsulation鸡舍的密封与保温•Regardlessofthetypeofventilationsystem,itisimportanttosealthehouse无论哪种类型的通风系统，密封鸡舍至关重要。•Givesbettercontroloverwhatishappeninginside可更好地掌控鸡舍内的情况。•Reducestheeffectofoutsideconditions降低鸡舍外部条件的影响。•Givesyoumorecontrolovertheincomingair可更好地控制进入鸡舍的空气。•Insulationkeepsheatinduringwinter冬季可保存鸡舍内的热量。•Insulationkeepsheatoutduringsummer夏季可隔绝外部的热量。ProblemsWithPoorlySealedHouses鸡舍密封差所带来的问题•Coldfloorsduetodrafts贼风而造成的地面寒冷•Colddraftsontothechicks贼风侵扰鸡只•Can’tmaintaintemperatureinwinter冬季无法保持舍内温度•Can’tventilateeffectivelyinwinter冬季无法做到有效通风Stress,stockingdensity,uniformity,health,poorstart应激，饲养密度，均匀度，鸡群健康，育雏开端不良•Colddraftsontotheheaterprobe贼风吹到供热器的感应探头•Heatlossthroughthecracksandopenings缝隙损失热能•Nomixingofcoldincomingairwithwarminsideair进入的冷空气不能与舍内的热空气混合•Unabletoaccesstheheatinthepeakoftheroof不能达到顶棚高度存在的热空气Highheatingcosts,can’tmaintaintemperature供热能源成本高并无法保持舍内温度PoorSealingAlwayssealfromoutside密封差一定要在舍外进行密封ColdAirLeakageatCatchingDoor鸡舍末端大门漏入冷空气Sealedvs.UnsealedSideWall密封良好对比没有密封的边墙Sealedvs.UnsealedSideWall密封良好对比没有密封的边墙ChickSpread–Uninsulated,PoorSeal鸡群分布状况–没有保温，密封差ChickSpread–Insulated,Sealed鸡群分布状况–保温密封良好HouseLeakage,ColdFloorsColdfloors,wetlitter,heateractivatedWastedHeat鸡舍漏风，地面寒冷热能浪费地面寒冷，垫料潮湿，加热器满负荷运转CurtainLeakageonaWindyDay有风日卷帘漏风AirLeakageThroughaPoorlySealedCurtain卷帘密封差存在漏风现象PotentialSolutionstoManagingCurtain/LeakyHouses管理卷帘/漏风鸡舍的方法•SEALTHEHOUSE!!(minimalcost,hugeimpact)把鸡舍密封起来！（最低成本，巨大影响）–Makesurecurtainsseal确保卷帘密封–Sealarounddoors密封门和框周边–Sealeaveoftheroof密封屋檐–Sealalljointsintheroof密封屋顶所有联接处•Roofinsulation(summerandwinterbenefit)屋顶保温（利于冬夏）•Reviewyourheatingsystem(typeandcapacity)评估供暖系统型能–Radiantheatersputtheheatwherethechicksneedit加热器位置•Reviewyourheatdistribution审核舍内供暖分布情况•Preheatthehouseforatleast2-3days至少提前2-3天预热鸡舍•Makesurefloorsarewarmbeforechicksarrive确保雏鸡入舍前地面温度暖和适宜。PotentialSolutionstoManagingCurtain/LeakyHouses管理卷帘/漏风鸡舍的方法•FanJetsystem–explainedbelow鼓风机系统-下面解释•Installminimumventilation–examplesbelow安装最小通风系统–看下面例证。•Circulationfanscanhelptodistributeheat(buttheyareNOTasubstituteforminimumventilation)循环风机有助于均匀分布舍内热能（但绝不能取代最小通风系统）RadiantHeating辐射热加热器Putsheatwhereneeded,onthefloor安置在需要的地方，地面等FanJet鼓风机InletDamper进风口导流板FanJet鼓风机FanJetSystem鼓风机系统FanJet鼓风机PlasticTube塑料通风管ExhaustFan排风扇FanJetSystem鼓风机系统Advantages:优点：•“Positivepressure”system“正压”系统•Housedoesnothavetobeextremelywellsealed没必要完全密封•Fanjetrunscontinuously→goodmixingofairandheat鼓风机连续运转–可很好地混合舍内空气和热能•Incomingairdirectedupawayfrombirds进入鸡舍的空气不会吹到鸡只身上•HeatingsystemcanbelocatedatFJfordistribution供热系统可以放到鼓风机系统便于均匀分布•Relativelycheapsystem相比之下费用较低的系统Disadvantages:缺点：•Maynotbeabletoprovideenoughminventforwholecycle不能够提供整个周期的最小通风•Dependsonstockingdensity,weight取决于鸡群饲养密度和重量AirCannons进风管PressureBalancedInlet压力平衡的进风口AirCannons,PressureInlets进风管，压力进风口Advantages:优点：•Quiteaneffectiveminimumventilationsystem相当有效的最小通风系统•Fairlycosteffective–cheap“inlets”(Ø90mmpipe)实惠的进风口9cm管•Curtainsstayclosed卷帘一直保持关闭状态•Mixesincomingairwithwarmhouseair进入的空气与舍内暖气体相混合Disadvantages:缺点：•Systemworksonnegativepressure,so…系统以负压方式工作，所以….•Housemustbewellsealed,orelse……鸡舍必须密封良好，否则……..•Housemaygetcolder