集群创新网络与上海张江高科技园区软件业的发展

,(,200062):,,,,:,,:;;;:F127.9:A:1003O2363(2008)04O0009O06:2007-09-04;:2008-05-15:2007(076921010):(1974-),,,,,,(E2mail)[e-mail]1,,,22.1,208090,,,M.Porter,(1),:[1-2]1Fig.1Evolutionofinnovationstudyanditsrepresentativefigure2.2,,,BaptistaSwann(1998)[3],M.Porter27420088AREALRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTVol.27No.4Aug.2008(1998)[4],(2001)[5],,,,BaptistaSwann,,(),,(),(Cooke,2002)[6](),(2004)[7],3,NunziaCarbonara(2004)[8]Unioncamere(1995),3,3(),,,,R&DGordon&McCann(2003)[9],(2006)[10]PadmoreGibson(1998)[11]GEM4,(2006)[12](2006)[13],,(Fallick,Fleischmann,Rebitzer2005)[14]Freeman(1991)[15](1999)[16]:(),(2004)[7],,(2006)[17]3:,,3,,,,,(2004)[2]IanR.Gordon,PhilipMcCann(2003)[9],IanR.Gordon,PhilipMcCann(2006)[17],,,2.3,,,,,,()()(),,,0127,,(2004)[2];IBM,,,,,,,,,:,(2)2Fig.2Lifecycleofinnovationnetwork2.4,:,,,,,,,,,3,(software),,/()(creativeindustries)3.121,,()(),(3),IT,,3()Fig.3Chainofsoftwareproductsandservices114:,,,,,:21:,,,,,(),,,,,3.2:(4),3,,,,:,,4Fig.4Valuechainofsoftwareindustryembracinginmodeandprocessofsoftwaredevelopment,,,4()6,2006104,1.53,(5):5(2000-2006)Fig.5AnnualreturnofsoftwareindustryinZhangjiangHitechPark(2000-2006)4.1(),30020056,2000;:2006,12.4m2,228,,1/3,6050002,1000500012,500100010,TA2TAINFOSYS:,4.2,,,2127,TATA,Infosys,,GDP,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,5,,:,;,;3,,,;,,,:[1].[M].:,2006.[2],.[J].,2004(10):36-46.[3]BaptistaR,SwannP.DoFirmsinClustersInnovateMore?[J].ResearchPolicy,1998,27(5):525-540.[4]PorterME.ClustersandNewEconomicsofCompetition[J].HarvardBusinessReview,1998,76:77-90.[5].[M].:,2001.[6]CookeP.RegionalInnovationSystems:GeneralFindingsandSomeNewEvidencefromBiotechnologyClusters[J].JournalofTechnologyTransfer,2002,27(1):133-145.[7].[J].,2004,26(1):48-54.[8]NunziaCarbonara.InnovationProcessesWithinGeograph2icalClusters:ACognitiveApproach[J].Technovation,2004,24(1):17-28.[9]IanRGordon,PhilipMcCann.Clusters,InnovationandRegionalDevelopment[J].JournalofEconomicGeogra2phy,2005,5(5):523-543.[10],.[J].,2006(7):124-126.[11]PadmoreT,GibsonH.ModelingSystemsofInnovation:.AFrameworkforIndustrialClusterAnalysisinRe2gions[J].ResearchPolicy,1998,26(6):625-641.[12],.314:[J].,2006(3):40-43.[13].[J].(),2006,5(5):46-49.[14]BruceFallick,CharlesAFleischmann,JamesBRebitz2er.JobHoppinginSiliconValley:SomeEvidenceCon2cerningtheMicro2FoundationsofAHighTechnologyCluster[EB/OL].(2005-10-17)[2007-10-20].[15]FreemanC.NetworksofInnovators:ASynthesisofRe2searchIssues[J].ResearchPolicy,1991(20):499-514.[16],.[J].(),1999,36(5):29-36.[17],.[J].,2006,25(2):35-38.ClusteringInnovationNetworksandtheDevelopmentofSoftwareIndustryinShanghaiZhangjiangHi2techParkWANGHao,ZENGGang(DepartmentofHumanGeography,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200062,China)Abstract:Throughareviewontheevolutionofinnovationtheoryandclusterinnovationnetworktheory,theauthorattemptstosummarizethecurrentinnovationcenterandbelievesthattheinnovationnetworkhasthefeatureoflifecircle.Clusterwillboostinnovations,whileindifferentgrowingperiod,thecontentandsubjectofinnovationmayseeitsdifference.BasedonfactsofsoftwareindustryinShanghaiZhangjiangHigh2techPark,thepaperanaly2zesthecharacteristicofinnovationinsoftwareindustry,pointingoutthattheinnovationnetworkinsoftwareclusterofZhangjiangHigh2techParkisstillinprimarystage.Theprimarynetworkiscenteredbyforeign2ownedenterpri2ses,domestic2ownedenterprisesanddomesticsmall2mediumenterprises,respectively.Anditshouldbepromotedinmultipleways.Keywords:innovationnetworks;cluster;softwareindustry;ShanghaiZhangjiangHigh2techPark(8)TheAnalysisonRegionalSpecializationofManufacturinginJing2Jin2JiandYangtzeDeltaZHAOJi2min1,2(1.InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,theChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China;2.GraduateSchool,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039,China)Abstract:Therearealotofwritingsaboutregionalspecializationofindustriesinmanufacturing.Theyaremainlyabouttheconceptsofregionalspecialization,themethodsofmeasuringitandtheevidencesfromallaroundtheworld.Mostofthemareaboutthespecializationamongtheprovincesinacountry,whilefewofthemareabouttheregionalspecializationinaneconomicregion.However,thespecializationamongsub2regionsinaneconomicregionisveryimportantinthiserafortheeconomicdevelopmentinChina.Itisalsoahottopicinsocialsciencein2cludingeconomicgeography.Threecoefficientsofmeasuringregionalspecialization(includingthelocationalGinicoefficient,thecoefficientofregionalspecializationandthecoefficientofregionaldifference)areusedformeasur2ingthelevelsofregionalspecializationofindustriesofmanufacturingbytheemploymentdataofvariousindustriesinvarioussub2regionsin2003.ThescopeofJing2Jin2JiandYangtzeDeltaisdefinedaccordingtotheEleventhFive2YearsPlan.Bythecontrastofthetwoeconomicregions,thepaperanalyzesweathertherearesomedifferencesofregionalspecializationornotandwhatthedifferencesarebetweenJing2Jin2JiandYangtzeDelta.Keywords:regionalspecialization;locationalGinicoefficient;coefficientofregionalspecialization;Jing2Jin2Ji;YangtzeDelta4127