立式加工中心床身结构设计(全套图纸)

摘要床身是立式加工中心非常重要的基础支撑件，它起到了支撑立柱、滑座、工作台等重要零部件的作用，主要承受机床的静载荷以及在加工时产生的切削负载。床身的静动态性能直接影响机床的加工精度和稳定性,因此，床身结构的优化对于立式加工中心的发展具有十分重要的意义，本课题即结合沈阳机床厂VMC850B立式加工中心的性能特点与相关参数，对立式加工中心床身结构进行了科学系统的设计，具体内容如下：（1）借鉴于同类型的床身结构，根据VMC850B的整机结构设计了床身上表面布局，通过查阅《实用机床设计手册》《机械设计手册》等参考书，科学的设计了床身的截面形状，包括壁厚的选定以及加强肋、方孔、圆孔的合理布置。同时对床身进行了受力分析并利用ANSYS软件对床身模型采取了静态力有限元分析。（2）针对与床身相关的重要零部件，包括Y方向伺服进给系统的驱动电机、滚珠丝杠、直线导轨、轴承、联轴器，进行了分析与计算，并最终确立了型号与参数。（3）提出了床身的精度要求，包含加工和装配过程中的几何精度。关键词：立式加工中心；床身；结构设计；选型计算；有限元分析；精度设计AbstractThebedisaveryimportantbasisforsupportingpartsintheverticalmachiningcenter,itplaysarolethatsupportingthecolumn,theslide,theworkbenchandsomeotherimportantparts.Thebedmainlywithstandsthestaticloadofthemachinetoolandthecuttingloadintheprocessing.Thestaticanddynamicperformanceofthebeddirectlyaffectsthemachiningaccuracyandstability.Therefore,theoptimizationofthebedstructurehasgreatsignificanceforthedevelopmentoftheverticalmachiningcenters.Thesubject,whichiscombinedwiththeperformancecharacteristicsandparametersoftheverticalmachiningcenter850BoftheShenyangMachineToolFactory,havedesignedthebedstructureoftheverticalmachiningcenterscientificallyandsystematically,thedetailsareasfollows:(1)LearntfromthebedstructureofthesametypeanddesignedthelayoutofthebedtopsurfaceunderVMC850B’swholestructure,throughaccessingtoPracticalMachineDesignManualandMechanicalDesignManualandotherreferencebooks,scientificallydesignedthecross-sectionalshapeofthebed,includingtheselectionofthewallthicknessaswellasthereasonablelayoutofthereinforcingrib,thesquareandcircleholes.ThesubjectalsodidthestressanalysisforthebedandusedthesoftwarecalledANSYStodothefiniteelementanalysisofthestaticforceforthemodelofthebed.(2)Fortheimportantpartsofthebed,includingtheY-directionservofeeddrivemotor,ballscrews,linearguides,bearingsandcouplings,didtheanalysisandthecalculation,andeventuallyestablishedthemodelsandtheparameters.(3)Putforwardtheaccuracyrequirementsofthebed,includingthegeometricprecisionofthemachiningandassemblyprocess.Keywords:theverticalmachining；centerthebed；structuraldesign；selectioncalculationfiniteelementanalysis；precisiondesign目录1机床设计现状.........................................................................................................11.1课题研究的背景和意义................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状与发展趋势........................................................................21.3本论文内容概要............................................................................................42床身结构设计.........................................................................................................42.1床身材料........................................................................................................42.2床身时效处理................................................................................................42.3床身结构设计................................................................................................52.3.1床身重要表面设计..............................................................................52.3.2床身截面形状设计..............................................................................52.4床身热变形..........................................................................................102.5床身结构确定方案..............................................................................113床身零部件的计算与选型...................................................................................123.1Y方向滚珠丝杠副的选择...........................................................................123.1.1初步计算丝杠导程...........................................................................133.1.2滚珠丝杠副当量载荷与当量转速计算...........................................143.1.3计算预期额定动载荷amC....................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.4估算滚珠丝杠允许最大轴向变形m................错误!未定义书签。3.1.5估算滚珠丝杠副的底径....................................................................183.1.6计算滚珠丝杠副预紧力pF................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.7滚珠丝杠副剩余结构尺寸确定.......................................................203.2伺服电机的选择..........................................................................................213.2.1电机的负载转矩计算........................................................................213.2.2惯量匹配计算...................................................................................223.2.3空载启动时最大加速力矩maxaT计算：............................................243.2.4快速空载启动时所需最大启动力矩MT计算...................................243.2.5电动机连续匀速工作时的最大力矩msT............错误!未定义书签。3.2.6电动机输出端轴的直径计算...........................................................253.3滚动轴承的选择..........................................................................................253.3.1滚动轴承使用条件...........................................................................263.3.2初选止动球轴承型号.......................................................................263.3.3止推轴承组配方式...........................................................................263.3.4止推轴承的选用计算.......................................................................273.3.5圆柱滚子轴承的选型计算.............