露天矿滑坡监测与防治技术0922

露天矿滑坡监测与防治技术Landslidemonitoringandcontroltechnologyinopenpitmine发言人：马海涛博士Speaker：Dr.MaHaitao中国安全生产科学研究院ChinaAcademyofSafetyScience&Technology第八届中国国际安全生产论坛The8thChinaInternationalForumonWorkSafety电话：[phone]邮箱：[e-mail]1中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状2边坡垮塌事故主要原因分析3露天矿山滑坡监测与防治技术新进展4预防露天矿山边坡垮塌事故的措施与建议PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmineAnalysisofmaincausesofslopecollapseaccidentNewprogressoflandslidemonitoringandcontroltechnologyinopenpitmine目录Thepreventionmeasuresandsuggestionsofmineslopecollapseaccident1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine99.7%0.3%地下开采Undergroundmining露天开采openpitmining中国的露天矿主要是非煤矿山，煤矿仅0.3％为露天开采China’sopenpitmineismainlynoncoalmine，only0.3%ofcoalmineusedopenpitmining.煤矿Coalmine1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine非煤矿山的主要类型是金属非金属矿山，大部分采用露天开采，截至2015年底，中国有金属非金属露天矿山28287座，占总数的83.2%。Metalnonmetalminesarethemaintypesofnoncoalmines，mostlyadoptedopenpitmining.Asoftheendof2015,Chinahad28,287metalnonmetalopenpitmines,accountingfor83.2%ofthetotalnumber.金属非金属矿山92%石油天然气6%其他矿山2%金属非金属矿山石油天然气其他矿山MetalnonmetalminesOil&gasTheothers非煤矿山Non-Coalmine露天矿山83.2%地下矿山16.8%UndergroundmineOpenpitmine1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine边坡垮塌是露天矿山事故的主要类型Slopelandslidecollapseisthemaintypeofopenpitmineaccident.2010-2015年非煤矿山发生边坡垮塌事故477起、死亡719人。在露天矿山事故中居首位。Fromtheyear2010to2015,477slopecollapseaccidentshappenedand719peopledied.Itisthelargestnumberofdeathsinthetypeofopenpitmineaccident.37%63%边坡垮塌slopecollapseaccidents2015年露天矿山事故起数Numberofaccidentsinopenpitmines54%46%边坡垮塌slopecollapseaccidents2015年露天矿山事故死亡人数Numberofdeathsfromaccidentsinopenpitmines1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine中国露天矿山滑坡的基本特点是：ThebasiccharacteristicofthelandslideinChina’sopenpitmineis：小型矿山重特大坍塌事故高发Highincidenceofseriouscollapseaccidentsinsmallmines大中型矿山中小型滑坡灾害频发Frequentoccurrencesofsmallandmediumscalelandslidedisastersinlargemines1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine金属非金属露天矿山中，大中型矿山有2398座，占总数的8.5%，小型矿山25889座，占总数的91.5%，以露天采石场为主（21213座）。大型3.2%中型5.3%小型91.5%Inchina’smetalnonmetalopenpitmines，2,398largeandmedium-sizedminesaccountingfor8.5%ofthetotal,and25,889smallmines,accountfor91.5%,which21,213quarriesdominates.1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine数量多Largequantities规模小Smallscale坡度陡Steepslope遍布全国Alloverthecountry基础薄弱Weaktechnology滑坡坍塌造成的群死群伤事故主要发生在小采石场Thesmallquarriestakethemainpartofopenpitmines,anditisalsotheproneareaoflandslideaccident.01000020000300004000050000600007000080000900002006201020161、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine年year采石场数量Numberofquarry得益于采石场数量的减少和分台阶开采、机械铲装等先进技术的推广，矿山坍塌事故大幅下降。Duetothereductioninthenumberofquarryandthepromotionofadvancedtechnologies,suchassubbenchmining,mechanicalshovelloading,etc,openpitcollapseaccidentdroppedsignificantly.01002003004005006007002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013——死亡人数——事故起数露天矿山坍塌事故死亡人数和事故起数Numberofdeathsandfatalityaccidentsofcollapseaccidentsinopenpitmines1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine大中型矿山，边坡高度超过150m的矿山有1000余座，设计高度大于500m的有10余座。Therearemorethan1,000mines’slopewithaheightofmorethan150m,andmorethan10mines’designheightgreaterthan500m.设计最高的边坡：福建紫金山金铜矿864mThehighestslopeunderdesign:GoldandcoppermineinFujianZijinmine864m1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine大中型矿山边坡普遍较陡，滑坡体发育多。目前只有474座矿山建立了边坡稳定性监测系统。Thelargeandmedium-sizedminingslopeisgenerallysteep,andthelandslidehasmoredevelopment.Atpresent,only474mineshadestablishedaslopestabilitymonitoringsystem.1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine大型矿山边坡角多数在40度至50度，近半数的大中型矿山都存在不同程度的变形和滑坡问题。Largeminingslopeanglemostin40to50degrees.Nearlyhalfoflargeandmedium-sizedmineshavevaryingdegreesofdeformationandlandslideproblems.7%75%18%大中型矿山边坡角统计Statisticsoflargeandmediumsizedminingslopeangle40°~50°50°40°某大型矿山提高最终边坡角2度，10年后，滑坡问题今方凸显10yearsafterthetotalslopeangleofalargemineisincreased,thelandslideproblemisseriousnow.1、中国露天矿山滑坡灾害现状PresentsituationoflandslidedisasterinChina'sopenpitmine2、边坡垮塌事故主要原因分析Analysisofmaincausesofslopecollapseaccident1、边坡设计不合理。2、不按设计开采。3、开采方式不合理。4、工程地质条件差。5、违规指挥、违章作业。6、防排水设施不完善。7、爆破振动影响。8、安全监测不到位。9、排土场安全基础薄弱。1.Unreasonableslopedesign.2.Notaccordingtothedesignofmining3.Unreasonableminingmethod.4.Poorengineeringgeologicalconditions.5.Illegalcommand,illegaloperations6.Imperfectwaterproofanddrainagefacilities.7.Blastingvibrationeffect.8.Lackofmonitoringsystems.9.Poorsafetyofdump3、露天矿山滑坡监测与防治技术新进展Newprogressoflandslidemonitoringandcontroltechnologyinopenpitmine由于矿山地质条件的复杂性和不确定性，很难完全掌握地质体的工程特性。通过开采过程的边坡变形监测，对稳定性进行判定，并预测未来发展趋势，采取相应措施，是露天矿山滑坡防治的发展方向。Duetothecomplexityanduncertaintyofminegeologicalconditions,itisdifficulttofullygrasptheengineeringcharacteristicsofgeologicalbodies.Intheminingprocess,throughslopedeformationmonitoring,toassesstheslopestability,andpredictthefuturetrend,totakeappropriate