大学英语四级翻译专项训练

大学英语四级翻译专项训练主讲人：缪爽主要问题一、核心语法虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词二、固定搭配和常规用法虚拟语气一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反were,didwould(should,could,might)+v.与将来事实相反shoulddo,wereto+v.would(should,could,might)+v.与过去事实相反haddonewould(should,could,might)+havedone例句IwouldcertainlygoifIhadthetime.(与现在事实相反)Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.(与将来事实相反)Shewouldhavecomeifwehadinvitedher.(与过去事实相反)在错综时间句中谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析”Ifyouhadn’twatchedtelevisionsolate,youwouldn’tbesosleepynow.(从去与过去时间相反，主句与现在情况相反)IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.(从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符)Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Marywouldn’thavebeencaughtintherain.（2009，6月真题）Thevictimwouldhaveachancetosurviveifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(2006年12月真题)特殊的固定搭配用法一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order.command)四建议(advice.suggest.propose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should+do。should可以省略。Theprofessorrequiredthatwe(should)handinourresearchreportsbyWednesday.(2006年6月真题)Isuggestedheshouldadapthimselftohisnewconditions.(2006年1月真题)定语从句句子成分用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)关系副词Where的用法在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。When的用法在定语从句中做时间状语，指代时间。Ishallneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.Why的用法在定语从句中做原因状语。IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentformthemeeting.Thereasonthatthecarbrokedowncausedtheaccident.★Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）Thebookwhich/thatisonthetableismine.（做主语）Thebookwhich/thatyouboughtyesterdayisgood.(做宾语)Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.(做定语)Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblemsthat/whichtheyhavenosolutionstotillnow/towhichtheyhaven’tfoundanswerssofar.（2008年12月真题）ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSisthefieldwhere(inwhich)wecancooperate.（2007年6月真题）Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（做定语）Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在句中作宾语）非谓语动词动词不定式动名词动词不定式to+动词原型可以理解为“固定搭配”或“常识”Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.Hehatetobemisunderstoodbyothers.We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.It’skindofyoutosayso.动名词动词原形+ing(是名词)时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneIamsurethathewillcomeintime.=Iamsureofhiscomingintime.Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.=Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.I’mconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.=I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.Hecomplainedthathehavebeenwrongedbyothers.=hecomplainedofhavingbeenwrongedbyothers.动名词充当主语Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.主语从句what=thethingthatWhatmanypeoplehaven’trealizedisthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballinparticular.(2009年6月真题)Whatmostparentsareconcernedaboutisprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.(2008年12月真题)