非谓语动词

非谓语动词历年考题•09年22题，•10年16题单选，•10年46题翻译，•10年48题翻译，•11年25题，•12年20题单选，•13年单选。一、什么是非谓语动词？•不能作谓语的动词变形。包括：不定式todo,现在分词doing,过去分词done.二、用法(一).todo（表“将来”和“目的”。）•1.后面可以加todo的动词：•afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,decide,bother,choose,come,dare,demand,desire,determine,expect,elect,endeavor,hope,fail,happen,help,hesitate,learn,long,offer,ought,plan,prepare,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wait,wish,undertake,want……2.后面可以加sbtodo的动词：•ask,allow,want,like,wish,expect,prefer,advise,tell,get,invite……3.onlyto•表结果(出乎意料的结果)•Eg：XuxianlovedBaiSuzhensomuchonlytofindherbeingasnake.•Wehurriedtotheairportonlytofind3minuteslatefortheflight.4.todo不定式的省略•(1).在某些感官动词或使役动词后面可以省掉to。如：make,let,watch,lookat,notice,see,hear,feel,have,listento等。在help后面的不定式可要to，也可不要to。•**注意**•这些是不带to接的宾补，在变被动句的时候需要把to还原。•Eg：Iheardsoftpaddingstepsapproach.•Softpaddingstepswereheardtoapproach.•结合此处做p63.6题。P64.20。(2).在一些特定的介词后面可以省略to。如：but,except,besides,insteadof,cannot,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut等。•Eg：Ihavenothingtodobutseeafilm.•(3).在一些特定的词后面可以接省to的不定式。如：hadbetter,hadbest,would/hadassoon,以及含than的一些短语，如：donothingelsethan,domore(less)than,donomore(less)than,wouldratherthan,wouldsoonerthan,hadsoonerthan等.•Eg:youhadbetternotsmoke.（10年16题）•Ifyouwanttoletusfeelmorecomfortable,you’dbetter____thatnexttime.•A.nottodoB.notdidC.notdoingD.notdo•D(二).Doing（表“现在”和“进行”）•1.哪些词后可以加doing。（每年必考一个，2013年考的suggest）•介词后加doing，finish,escape,bear,stand,endure,wish,admit,deny,avoid,practice,appreciate,suggest,enjoy,relish,permit,forgive,lookforwardto,objectto，等。（12年20题）•Wearelookingforwardto____youagain.•A.haveseenB.seeingC.seeD.seen•B2.四个加doing的重要句型。•Itisnousedoingsth.•Have(no)difficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.•Spendtime/money(in)doingsth.•Thereisnopoint/sense/denying/doubt(in)doingsth.•Eg:Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。3.主动表被动（回忆语态时讲过）•needdoing.•SthNeeddoing•=sthneedtobedone•Beworthdoing.•Sthbeworthdoing•=sthbeworthyofbeingdone•Wantdoing.•Deservedoing.•requiredoing.4.几个特殊短语•Mindtodominddoing•决定做介意做•Meantodomeandoing•打算做意味着做•Remembertodorememberdoing•记得将要做某事记得做过的事•Regrettodoregretdoing•后悔将要做某事后悔做过的事•Liketodolikedoing•愿意/想做某事（某次）喜欢做（习惯,爱好）•Goon/continuetodoGoon/continuedoing•继续做另一件事（共两件事）继续做这件事（共一件事）•Stoptodo•停下来去做另一件事（共出现了两件事）•Stopdoing•停止正在做的事（共出现了一件事）三、特殊词•1.使役动词：make/have/get•2.感官实意动词：see,lookat,watch,notice,listento,hear,observe,find,feel等。用法一：Find/feel/makesb/sthDosth强调整个过程，整件事Doingsth正在Done被动adj感受examples•Ifoundhimstealthemoney.•Ifindhimstealingthemoney.•Ifindthemoneystolenbyhim.•Ifinditdifficulttounderstand.•Youmademefeeldisappointed.•Ifeelherbeingsad.（09年22题）•WhenMr.Zhangreturnedhome,hefoundthewindowopenandsomething___.•A.stolenB.hadstolenC.bestolenD.havebeenstolen•A用法二：感官实意动词/have/getsbDosth(一次）Doingsth（不断地）Done（被做）examples•Ihavemystudentsdothehomework.•Ifyouwaitamoment,Iwillhavesomeonesendittoyou.•Ihavemybabytakencareof.•Hehashiscarrepaired.•Shealwayshasmedoingallkindsofjobsforher.用法三：KeepsbDoingsth(主动）Done（被动）Adj（状态）examples•Hekeptmewaitingforhalfanhour.•Thosetoyskeptthechildrenamused.•Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.•Shekeptthechildquiet.•Weshouldkeephim____.•A.informedB.informingC.toinformD.tobeinformed•A•Weshouldinformhim.•Heshouldbeinformed.四、非谓语动词作状语（一般可作伴随状语，原因状语，时间状语等，作文中的加分句型）1.结构Doing（主动）（+其他），主句。Done（被动）Todo（目的）examples•Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.•BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.•Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.•Givenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.•Togetthemoney,heworkeddayandnight.•Tobuythewatchchain,shesoldherhair.•可以改为非谓语动词作状语的前提是从句主语和主句主语相同。•Doing/done/todo的选择，取决于它们和主句主语的关系。把下列句子改为非谓语动词作状语•WhenIwasyoung,Idislikedteachers.•Beingyoung,Idislikedteachers.•Becausehewascheatedbyher,hedoesn’tbelieveinheranymore.•Cheatedbyher,hedoesn’tbelieveinheranymore.•HewenttoEnglandtolearnEnglish.•(Inorder)TolearnEnglish，hewenttoEngland.•Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,hesawtheboystillthere.•=Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawtheboystillthere.•Afterwehavemadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexam.•=Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexam.•Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.•Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.•Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.•Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.•Wegotupveryearlytogetthereintime.•(Inorder)Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.•Wemustlearnfromothercountriestoachieveit.•(Inorder)Toachieveit,wemustlearnfromothercountries._____fromthetop,thehouselookslikeanegg.A.SeeingB.SeenC.ToseeD.Havingseen•B解析：•see的形式取决于和主句主语thehouse的关系。房子是被看，所以选seen。•A选项表示主动，所以错。什么时候用主动？•eg：()fromthetop,Ithinkthehouselookslikeanegg.•Seeing•C选项表示目的，将来，这里不对。什么时候用todo？Eg:()thetopofthehouse,Iclimbedupthemountain.•Tosee(10年46题)•Tounderstandinterculturalcommunication,weseektounderstandthedifferencebetweentradingandmodernization.•要了解跨文化交际，我们力图探索传统和现代的差异。•D选项havingdone形式的非谓语形式，强调的是havingdone这个动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。比如：Havingbeenthereonce,heknowstheplacefairlywell.（10年48题）•Nothavingbeendiscovered,manylawsofnatureactuallyexistinnature.虽然许多自然界的规律尚未发现，但她们确实存在于自然界中。结合刚刚所讲的做下题：•Eg:__myroomalldaylong,Ifeelsotire