人教版高一英语必修3-UNIT4知识点总结

荷香书苑王老师高一必修3UNIT41UNIT4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsWordssolarsystemplanetcircleastronomyoriginreligionwidelytheoryuniverseatomsbilliondustsolidglobeviolentexplodecarbonvapornitrogenproduceatmosphereappearsurfaceunlikeobviousfundamentalpresencedissolveharmfulacidschainreactionextremelymultipliedoxygenencouragedevelopmentshellfishinsectamphibiansreptileshugedinosaursexistrisemammalspreadthusdioxideremovepuzzlepresencechemistryplanetgravityevidencesatelliteviolentshockedgentlerudebiologyprovediscoveryphysicistsupplydecreasespeciesextinctclimateconcerndisappearspaceshipforceescapepulllessenfloatweightpainfulfrighteningamazedincreaseexhaustingstructuretheorysituationcrashPhrases:inalldirectionscombinetosettleintointimecooldownfill....withaswellaslayeggsremainamysterygivebirthtoinone’sturnprevent...fromasaresultofdependonnolongerdieoutblockoutcrashintodozensoffallbacktocheeruptwiceasfarasfallovernowthatgetthehangofstepforwardbreakoutpayattentiontowatchoutbemakeupofbefundamentaltobeginwithinalldirectionsaccordingtowatchoutfor密切注意；当心；提防Grammar:1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolid.(随后）它变成什么没人知道，知道38~45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。betodo1)“将要做某事”指预先安排好的计划或约定2)表示义务、命令、禁止或可能性等，意思接近于should,must,haveto3)表示将来必然要发生的事，意为“注定......”(2010全国高考)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_________A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade2.Theearthbecomesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。句法分析：本句是So...that....句型，that引导的结果状语从句中又包含一个主语从句，其中it是形式主语，whethertheshapewouldlastornot是真正的主语。violent:adj.暴力的；强暴的；猛烈的；激烈的拓展：aviolentcrime/behavior暴力犯罪/行为aviolentstorm暴风骤雨doviolentto...对....施暴；歪曲（事实）take....byviolence抢夺withviolence强烈地，强有力地；用暴力3.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.最终产生二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。句法分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为carbondioxide,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases.intime1)终于；迟早；最后2)及时，来得及（用作此意是，intime后常跟forsth或todosth.)拓展：atnotime任何时间都不atatime每次，一次atonetime曾经，一度atthesanetime同时，然而荷香书苑王老师高一必修3UNIT42attimes有时，时常（=sometimes=fortimetotime)innotime立刻aheadoftime提前allthetime一直，始终ontime按时，准时forthetimebeing暂时onceuponatime从前takeone，time从容进行killtime消磨时间(2013陕西高考)Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill______________.A.inparticularB.inturnC.inchangeD.intime(2012江苏高考)---ThankGodyou’resafe!-----Isteppedback,just___________toavoidtheracingcar.4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。befundamentalto对...必不可少/至关重要fundamentaladj.基本的，基础的besimilarto与...相似beharmfulto对...有害beimportantto对...来说是重要的翻译：有些专家认为，阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。(2015安徽高考)5.Whatmanyscientistbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信；地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。beharmfulto...对...有害（=doharmto）harmlessadj.无害的beharmlessto对...无害harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto对...有害harmn.伤害，损害doharmtosb=dosbharm对某人有害学法点播：有些单词其词性的变化形式和harm类似，如：care→careful（小心的）→careless（粗心的）→carelessness（n粗心）hope→hopeful（有希望的）→hopeless（没有希望的）→hopelessness(n绝望）help→helpful（有帮助的）→helpless（无助的）→helplessness（n无可奈何）(2010浙江高考)Manylifestylepatternsdosuch__________greatharmtoearththattheyactuallyspeedup__________weakeningofthehumanbody.A.a;/B./;theC.a;theD./;/6.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragethelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.它们繁殖起来使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。multiplyv.繁殖；成倍增加；迅速增加；乘；乘以链接：addv.加；增加；添加plusprep.加上subtractv.减；减去；扣除minusprep.减去2+2=4Twoplus/addedtotwoisfour.4-2=2Fourminustwoistwo.Twosubtractedfromfouristwo.2×2=4Twotimes/multipliedbytwoisfour.4÷2=2Fourdividedbytwoistwo.7.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.后来，当这些植物长成森林时，爬行动物第一次出现了。1)句法分析：when引导时间状语从句；介词短语forthefirsttime作状语。Growintosth不能用于被动语态。2)forthefirsttime第一次拓展：Thisis/wasthefirst...time+that从句，表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，从句常用完成时态。即：主语连系动词为is时，从句用现在完成时，为was时，从句用过去完成时。3)growintosth变成，变得习惯于（不能用于被动语态）growawayfromsb逐渐疏远某人growonsb逐渐为某人所爱growoutofsth产生于；体型上太胖而穿不上衣服growup（指人或物）长大；成长；成熟荷香书苑王老师高一必修3UNIT438.Theylaideggsandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。搭配：existin存在于....中existon(=liveon)靠...为生/生存单词积累：existencen.存在，生存existingadj.现存的，现行的拓展：comeintoexistence/being形成，出现inexistence现存的；存在的(2010江苏高考)Theexperimenthasruledoutthepossibilityofthe_____________(exist)ofanylifeonthatplant,butitdosenotmeanthereisnolifeonotherplants.9.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们从体内生产出幼崽并给幼崽哺乳。givebirthto分娩；生孩子；产生；引起链接：atbirth在出生时，诞生时bybirth天生；生来；在血统上beofgood/noblebirth出生名门bring...tobirth使....产生10.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplant.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。thusadv.因此，于是，所以，这样，如此Inone’sturn轮到某人;接着拓展：byturns轮流，依次inturns依次，反过来taketurnstodosth轮流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth轮到某人做某事(2007湖北高考)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis____