托福学术词汇

TOEFLiBT学术词汇总结11.ASTRONOMY天文学astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文台astronomicalinstruments天文仪器astronomicaltelescope天文望远镜astronomicalobservation天文观测astronomicalunit天文单位astronomicalalmanac(yearbook)天文年历planetarium天文馆astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrophysicist天文物理学家astrophotograph天体摄影影图astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学hidebound包紧的；思想狭隘的pinnacle(peak;summit;apex)巅；顶峰deviate偏离cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicforce宇宙力cosmicdust宇宙尘cosmicnoise宇宙噪声cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmicrays宇宙射线cosmicspeed宇宙速度celestial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体celestialmap(skyatlas)天体团celestialsphere天球celestialglobe天球仪terrestrial…地球仪celestialmechanics天体力学celestialnavigation(astronavigation)天文导航stellar星的nebula(复数nebulae或nebulas)星云nebular(nebulous)星云的；星云状的dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星quasar类星体；类星射电源constellation星座planisphere平面天球图,星座图galaxy(MilkyWay)银河系observable可观察到的cluster星团solar太阳的solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solarflare日辉；太阳耀斑solarprominence日珥solareclipse日食solarradiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋转；绕转twinkle闪烁nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的lunareclipse月蚀lunarprobe月球探测器lunarastronaut(lunarnaut)登月宇航员lunarexcursionmodule登月舱lunarrover(lunarrovingvehicle;moonrover)月面车lunarscape(moonscape)月面景色phase月相；阶段meteor流星meteorshower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space(outerspace)太空/外层空间spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船spacecapsule宇宙飞船座舱；航天舱spacelab太空实验室spaceman(astronaut;cosmonaut)宇航员；航天员spacesuit宇航服；航天服spaceshuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜2.GEOGRAPHY地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球northernandsouthernhemispheres北半球和南半球easternandwesternhemispheres东半球和西半球meridian子午线；经线parallel平行圈；纬线latitude纬度highlatitudes高纬度地区lowlatitudes低纬度地区temperatelatitudes温带地区longitude经度horizon地平线equator赤道Tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险zone气候带timezone时区topography地形plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland地陆岛volcanovolcanicisland火山岛…eruptioncoralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon(谷底有溪涧流过的)峡谷channel(strait)海峡survey测绘elevation海拔altitude高度remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的；陆地的globeterrestrialheat(geothermal;heatoftheearth’sinterior)地热terrestrialmagnetism地磁(geomagnetism)地磁3.GEOLOGY地质学geologist(geologician)地质学家geological(geologic)地质学的geologicage(geologicaltime)地质时代geologicmap地质图geologicalsurvey地质调查geochronology地质年代学geoscience(earthscience)地球科学crust地壳continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layer(stratum;复数strata)地层mantle地幔core地核plate板块platetectonics板块构造论fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift(crack;split)断裂disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion侵蚀fossil化石TOEFLiBT学术词汇总结2rock岩石igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenqus岩石成的lithosphere岩石圈magma岩浆prospect勘探sounding测探mine采矿mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金；铂copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅unleadedzine锌nickel镍mercury(quicksilver)汞；水银gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰碛iceberg冰山(ice)sheet冰原；冰盖frigid(refrigerated;freezing)寒冷的plummet(气温)急剧下降thaw(melt)融化retreat后退terminate(end)结束volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆scoria火山渣volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰volcanicbombs火山弹earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismology地震学magnitude震级epicenter震中hypocenter(focus)震源(earthquake;seismic;shock)wave地震波cataclysm灾变4.ECOLOGY生态学ecological生态的ecologicalcondition生态环境ecologicaldisaster生态祸害ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统balance(ofnature)自然界生态平衡ecosphere(biosphere)生态圈ecocide生态灭绝preservation（对自然区等的）保护fauna动物群flora植物群rainforest雨林afforestation植树造林foodchain食物链environment环境environmental环境的environmentalpollution环境污染environmentalprotection环境保护environmentalsanitation环境卫生(environmental)sanitaryengineers环卫工人（工程师）environmentalist环境保护主义者acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外线辐射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气控制pollutionelimination污染消除pollutionindex污染指数pollutionindicationorganism污染指示生物airpollution空气污染waterpollution水污染noisepollution噪音污染soilpollution土壤污染pollution-free无污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fumes(有毒)废气waste废物wasteheat废热wastewater废水solidwaste固体垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水domesticsewage生活污水sewagepurification污水净化sewagedisposal污水处理sewageplant污水处理工厂decibel（噪音）分贝abate(reduce)减少abound大量存在补充：airmonitoring空气监测airpollution空气污染alternativen.二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物adj.选择性的,二中择一的atmosphere大气,空气,气氛balance(ofnature)自然界生态平衡burningofcoalandoil煤油燃烧carbon碳,(一张)复写纸carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放dioxide二氧化物cleanup清除干净climate气候,风土,思潮climaticchange长期的气候变化coal.煤v.加煤coalification煤化deforest滥伐森林desertification沙漠化deteriorate恶化disposal废物处理drought干旱ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统elNiño厄尔尼诺现象emission(汽车废气的)排放energyconservation保护能源energysource能源资源solarenergy太阳能tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的nonrenewable不可再生的EnvironmentalAwarenessClubexhaustfumes废气fauna动物群flora植物群foodchain食物链flood洪水fossilfuel矿物燃料fuel-efficient节能型的fumes（有毒）废气garbage垃圾,废物gas气体,煤气,毒气,汽油,[矿]瓦斯globalwarminggre