高考复习主谓一致

复习重点1.主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。2.分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。基础知识一、主谓一致的原则主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：1.语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。2.意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。3.就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。二、主谓一致的具体应用1.名词作主语★集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population等。有些集合名词如cattle,people,police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：Theteamisthebestintheleague.★单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works（工厂）等。如：Therearetensheeponthefarm,butthereareonlyfourgoats.★表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.TheTimesisBritain’soldestnationaldaily.★表示成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，这类名词有：trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有apairof,akindof等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Apairoftrousersisonthebed.★当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.★“the+形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded,rich,unemployed,blind等。如：Theunemployedleadamiserablelife.★如果主语由morethanone...或manya...构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“morethan+复数名词”或“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Manyaplaywrightissatisfiedwiththeplay.Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.2.代词作主语★由代词each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another以及合成代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如：Eachbookwasinitsproperplace.★关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。如：Heisoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.★all,most,none,some等作主语时，其谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如：Mostofhissparetimewasspentinreading.Allofmyclassmatesworkhard.3.由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语★用and或both...and...连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。如：Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.★当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。如：Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.★由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteachergoestotheexhibition.4.数词作主语“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。如：Onlyonethirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.Thirdsfourthofthestudentscometoschoolontime.5.从句及非谓语动词作主语★名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表示两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristsareinjuredarestillunknown.Whatyouwantisabigbag.Youneednotgetanymorestamps.Whatwehavearequitesufficient.★动词-ing形式短语或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Smoking/Tosmokeisabadhabit.常见考点高考试题对主谓一致的考查重点是：名词作主语时的谓语动词形式；分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Allweneed_____asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.(湖南2014)A.areB.wasC.isD.wereC2.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents_____around$8,450ayear,which_____aburdenforsomeofthem.(湖南2013)A.are；isB.are；areC.is；areD.is；isA3.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_____toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.(福建2013)A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited4.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_____essentialtotheirdevelopment.(江苏2013)A.isB.areC.wasD.wereBA5.Amongthecrisesthatfacehumans_____thelackofnaturalresources.(上海2013)A.isB.areC.isthereD.arethereA用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.SofarDavid’stheonlyoneofuswho________(go)abroad.2.SuchsingersasLiuHuan________(be)widelypopular,ofwhosesongs,however,some________(be)difficulttosing.3.Manyafamouspopstar_________________________(perform)intheconcerttonight,soI’mlookingforwardtoitverymuch.hasgoneareareisperforming/willperform4.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet...Look,there________(come)therestofourcolleagues!5.Thechiefeditortogetherwithhiseditors________(be)discussingthenewlawaboutnewspapersthat________(be)newlypublishedlastmonth.6.Themanageranddesigner________(be)togivesomesuggestionsforthedesignofthenewbuildinginawhile.comeiswasis7.I,who________(be)yourdeskmatenow,hopewecanhelpeachotherwithourstudies.8.Whentohavethenextmeetingandwhethertoinvitethedirectorstill________(remain)amysterytous.9.Nobodybutdoctorsornursesandthosewho________(be)invitedbyDoctorLiu________(be)allowedtoenterthepatient’sroom.amremain(s)areis10.Toourdisappointment,everypossiblemeans____________(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.hasbeenused