初中英语语法--名词专题(含练习)

1名词（一）一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。二、名词的分类：1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。a.人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy,Shanghai,Chinab.组织、团体、机构等例如:theUnitedNationsc.语言、星期、月份等例如：English,Friday,March(注意介词in/on/at的用法)注意：国家与人的对应China-----ChineseAmerica----American(s)Australia----Australian(s)Canada----Canadian(s)Japan----JapaneseGermany----German(s)France----Frenchman(Frenchmen)GB----Englishman(Englishmen)2．普通名词：（1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow,air,water,rice,paper,work,news(新闻)，food,rain,weather,juice,milk,meat,money，English,fruit,information…不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说onebread，但是可以说onepieceofbread和twopiecesofbread。只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：little很少的（表示否定）；alittle一些（表示肯定），much（许多），howmuch（多少），abitof（一些）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句),any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）alotof(许多),lotsof(许多)★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of例如：apieceofnewsacupofteaapieceofbreadtwopiecesofnewstwocupsofteatwopiecesofbread注意：abagofapples2（2）可数名词：可以直接以数字计算的名词。如onebook、twopens。可数名词有数的变化，即每个名词都有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量：1、直接在其前加数词；2、在其前加of短语（of+可以用作计量的名词）。如：oneegg,twoeggs;onebasketofeggs,twobasketsofeggs★名词复数的构成：a.一般情况下，直接在词尾加s;例如：book---booksgirl---girlsdesk---desksb.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，在词尾加es；例如：box---boxesbus---buseswatch---watchesfish---fishesc.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加es;例如：city---citiesfamily---families以元音字母（a,e,i,o,u）+y结尾的，直接加s;例如：boy---boysday---dayskey---keysd.以f或fe结尾的，变f或fe为v加es;例如：knife---kniveslife---liveswife---wiveshalf---halves但roof,scarf后直接加se.以o结尾的，有生命的(或以辅音字母加o结尾的)加es,没生命的（或以元音字母加o结尾的）加s;例如：radio---radiosNegro---Negroestomato---tomatoespotato---potatoeszoo---zoospiano---pianosphoto---photos但hippo后直接加s以下名词特别容易出错，请注意：stomach胃—stomachs,roof屋顶—roofs,reef暗礁—reefs,belief信仰—beliefs，handkerchief手帕—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves★Man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,child-children,fish-fish/fishes,sheep-sheep,ox-oxen（公牛）,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,mouse-micepoliceman-policemen等注：German(德国人)–Germans只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：few很少的（表示否定），afew一些（表示肯定），many（许多），howmany（多少），anumberof(许多的),several几个课堂练习：3一、写出下列名词的复数形式：1.egg_____________2.watch_____________3.story______________4.knife_____________5.radio___________6.tomato_____________7.desk_____________8.glass_____________9.child_______________10.sheep____________11.Chinese__________12.pencil-box___________13.wife___________14.family________15.city____________16.dress___________17.Englishman___________18.match___________19.exam___________20.German__________21.potato__________22..juice__________23.water________24.holiday________25.paper_______26.factory______27.thief_________28.bus________29.class________30.glass______31.wife32.baby33.policeman34.brush二、单项选择1.Pleasepassme_____.A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwatersC.twoglassesofwaterD.twoglasswater2.Theygotmuch____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories3.Hehadsomethingtowritedownandaskedmefor______.A.apaperB.somepapersC.somepiecesofpapersD.apieceofpaper4.Some______areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs5.I’dlikesomewater,buthewants_______.A.twobottleorangeB.twobottlesoforangeC.twobottlesoforangesD.twobottlesoforanges6.Lookatthe_______.Youcansee______________and________.A.photos;potatoes,tomatoes,radioesB.photoes;potatoes,tomatoes,radiosC.photos;potatoes,tomatoes,radiosD.photos;potatos,tomatos,radioes7.Cuttheappleinto________.A.halfsB.halvesC.half8.Mr.Linoftengivesus__________bye-mail.A.somegoodinformationB.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation49.Thereare_____inthefields.They’reeatinggrass.A.ahorseB.muchhorsesC.manyhorseD.manyhorses10.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_______,please?A.somebreadB.somewaterC.somecakesD.someeggs11.---HowgreatDalianRadioandTVcenterlooks!---Yes.That’soneofthegreatest________inDalian.A.buildingB.buildC.buildingsD.builds12.Howmany______hastheoldfarmergot?A.fieldB.sheepC.muttonD.cow13.Theguidehassomenew_______.Shecanshowthemtous.A.riceB.foodC.jacketD.pictures14.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---__________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeesC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupofcoffees15.The_______aregoingtoflytoBeijing.A.GermenB.GermanyC.GermanysD.Germans16.The_______hastwo___________.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watch17.Theboyalwaysstaystherefor__________.A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandahalfhourC.oneandhalfhoursD.oneandahalfhours18.---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem_________?---Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters19.Don’tyouthinkDalianisoneofthemostbeautiful________inChina?A.citiesB.cityC.placeD.townsup20.---WhatcanIdoforyou?---I’mlookingfor__________.A.apairofshoesB.apairofT-shirtC.twopairsofhatD.twopairoftrousers21.Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident.A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life522.Thereare________onthetable.A.aglassofwaterB.aglassofmilkC.twoglassesofwaterD.aglassoforange23.Therearefew_______inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggs24.Mr.Smithalwayshas________totellus.A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgo