虚拟语气subjunctive mood(我)

虚拟语气动词的语气英语中的语气一般指动词的语气,分为:陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。(过去时，现在时，将来时）如：①Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.②Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?③Willyougohomethisweek?(2)祈使语气：Don’tbelateagain.(3)虚拟语气subjunctivemood表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。①IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.②IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1.虚拟条件句2.名词性从句的虚拟语气3.虚拟语气的其他用法。If条件句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反或可能相反一、if虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。sbdid/weresbwould(或could,should,might)dosbhaddonesbwould(或could,should,might)havedonesbdid(were)/shoulddo/weretodosbwould(或could,should,might)do1）IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.2）Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.1）Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.2）IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.1)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.2)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.3)Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注意问题：1、If从句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型，反之亦然。eg:Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytirednow.Ifshedidn’tlovedriving,shewouldn’thavebecomeataxidriver.现在过去现在过去3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，即（Were/Had/Should+主语）例如：Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.1)Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.2)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.3)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.1)Ifhe______drunk,hewouldn'thavelostcontrolofthecar.2)A.wasn'tB.weren't3)C.hasn'tbeenD.hadn'tbeen2)Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad3)_______totelluseverything,wecouldtrytosolvehisproblem.A.IfheisB.WereheC.HadheD.Behe4)_______Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having5)____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.ShouldhehavegoneD.Hadhegone6)Ifwe___heretenminutesearlier,we__thebus.A.arrived;wouldcatchB.arrived;wouldhavecaughtC.hadarrived;hadcaughtD.hadarrived;wouldhavecaught7)IfI____moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.hadB.hadhadC.havehadD.wouldhave9*)___,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.Ihadbeenyou10)Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed※含蓄条件句：without(如果没有),butfor(要是没有),but(但是),otherwise/or(否则)，引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟。1)Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.=Iftherewerenoair,…2)Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.=Ifithadn’tbeenforyourcooperation,…要不是你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。4)Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butIambusynow.5)Iwouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.6)Iambusynow,otherwise/orIwouldhelpyou7.表示祝愿时,用May+主语+动词原形,如:1)Mayyousucceedinyourwork!2)Mayyoubehappy!主句虚拟，but从句不虚拟主句不虚拟，otherwise/or从句虚拟二.虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用语法指南P1891）asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句2)incase(that)以防,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat(以防,生怕)+sb.(should)doe.g.Sheclosedthewindowsforfearthat/incasethatshe(should)catchcold.1.asif（though）引导的从句1)Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.2)AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.3)Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.对现在的虚拟：asifsb.did/were对过去的虚拟：asifsb.haddonesth.三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用：1.wish后的宾语从句：1)与现在愿望不一致:sbdid；2)与过去愿望不一致:sbhaddone；3)与将来愿望不一致:sbwould(could,might)doeg:1)Iwish(that)Iwereyou.2)IwishIhadvisitedtheWhiteHousewhenIwasintheStates.3)IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.2.Ifonly(“要是…就好了”)引起的感叹句Ifonly+从句=HowIwish+从句1)Ifonlyhecouldcome!2)IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!3)IfonlyIknewtheanswer!将来过去现在1)与现在愿望不一致:主语＋did；2)与过去愿望不一致:主语＋haddone；3)与将来愿望不一致:主语+would(could,might)+do4.wouldrather+(过去）(现在,将来）sb.haddonesb.did1)I’dratheryou______(post)theletterrightaway.2)I’dratheryou__________(return)thebookyesterday.3)I’dratheryou______(paint)thewallgreennexttime.postedhadreturnedpainted5.It’s(high/about)timesbshoulddosbdid1)It’stimethatyouwenttoschool.2)It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.1*)Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since2*)IwishI____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe3*)Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome4)Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe5)Butfortheparty,he___ofhunger30yearsago.A.wouldhavediedB.woulddieC.musthavediedD.mustdie7)Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI___yourbirthdayparty.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended8)Youtalkasifyou___there.A.werereallyB.hasreallybeenC.hadreallybeenD.wouldreallybe6)It’shightimethatwe___toschool.A.wouldtoB.wentC.goD.willgo9)I’dratheryou___rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.toleave10)Withoutyourhelp,ourteam___thelastmatch.A.won’twinB.willloseC.wouldn’thavewonD.can’twin12)Hefeltasifhe___moretimetostudyforthetest.A.needsB.wereneededC.neededD.need11)Itishightimewe___off.A.areB.wereC.beD.willbe13)Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe___everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：名词性从句：主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1.在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋(should）＋动词原形Suggest/suggestion/suggested等词后的名词性从句中的谓语动词用(shoul