英语词汇学课件

WANGYong13158999770AnIntroductiontoModernEnglishLexicology现代英语词汇学概论INTRODUCTIONAboutthelexicology231.1Lexicology•Word–form(sound,syntax)–meaning•Vocabulary•?1.2Rolesofwordsinlife4561.3Aspectsoftheword7Morphologicalstructure,formationMeaning,relationandothersFixedusage,typesandsoonLanguagecomparison&contrast,etc.1.FORM2.MEANING3.USE4.OTHERSEVOLUTIONCLASSIFICATIONOVERVIEW1.4Whatislexicology?•Lexicologyisabranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyofagivenlanguage.Itdealswithwords,theirorigin,development,structure,formation,meaningandusage.–Generallyspeaking,linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Tobemoreexact,linguisticsstudiesthegeneralprinciplesuponwhichlanguagesareconstructedandoperateassystemsofhumancommunication.–Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Itisaspecificsocialactionandacarrierofinformation8WITHOUTGRAMMAR,VERYLITTLECANBECONVEYED,WITHOUTVOCABULARY,NOTHINGCANBECONVEYED.--fromLinguisticsinLanguageTeaching.Cambridge,MA:MITPress.，1972:111(Wilkinson)9ORIENTATIONAboutthecourse101.1Aimsofthecourse–GiveasystematicdescriptionoftheEnglishvocabulary.–OfferaninsightintotheoriginanddevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary.–Discusstheproblemsofword-structureandword-formation–StudytheuseofEnglishwords,theirmeaningsandchangesinmeaning,theirsenserelations.111.2Significanceofthecourse–Developyourpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreaseyourwordpower(activevocabulary).–Understandword-meaningandorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively.–Raiseyourawarenessofmeaningandusages,usewordsmoreaccuratelyandappropriately.–Developyourskillsandhabitsofanalyzingandgeneralizinglinguisticphenomenainyourlearningexperiences.–Ultimatelyimproveyourreceptiveandproductiveskillsinlanguageprocessingaswellaslanguageproduction.121.3Arrangements•OralPresentation–Groupof4-5forONECHAPTER–Onegroupeachweek•Essay–Ashortessayabouttherelevanttopic(s)–3weeksbeforetheendofthecourse131.4Grade•Oralpresentation•Shortessay•Finalexam14ANOVERVIEWAnIntroductiontoModernEnglishLexicology15•The3basicelementsofEnglish–speechsounds–grammar–vocabulary16•Whatisaword?–Theminimalfreeformofalanguage,whichhasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.•Whatdoesvocabularyreferto?Thetotalnumberofwordsinalanguage.InEnglish,therearemorethan____words.A.100,00B.100,000C.onemillionD.onebillionIncluding:Nativevs.Alien1718•Lexicology:abranchofLinguisticswhichstudiestheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.•Tobespecific,theyincludeaspectsliketheformalandsemanticstructure,semanticrelationships,wordformationandusage,thehistoricaldevelopmentandevolutionofwords,etc.•Ithassomethingtodowiththefollowingsubjects:morphology,lexicography,etymology,andthecertainsocialculturalbackgroundetc.19Development&classification•DEVELOPMENT–TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily–ThehistoricaldevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary–Newsourcesofpresent-dayEnglishvocabulary–ModesofEnglishvocabularydevelopment•Classification–Basic&non-basic–Common,literary,colloquial,slang&technical–Function&content20Morphologicalstructure&formation•Morpheme–Thesmallestmeaninglinguisticunit–词素or语素•Formation–Themajor&minorprocess–Comparison&contrastbetweenlanguages21Meaning&senserelation•Wordmeaning•Types•Origins–semanticfeatures?–context•Relations•Dynamic(changes)22Extension&applicationofwords•Idioms–phrasalwords–complexwords•Languagevarieties&interference•Dictionaries•Languageteaching•Humanintelligenceetc.23TOPICSOFLEXICOLOGYHistoricalchangeChangeofformChangeofpronunciationChangeofmeaningChangeofwordformationWordoriginsTheword-formationIdiomsDictionariesDifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishlanguages24Twoapproachestolexicologystudy•Diachronic–thehistoricalchangesorevolution–origins&changes•Synchronic–apointintime–thesamedimensionalorlevel25diachronicTomoldTommid-agedTomchildsynchronicsynchronicsynchronicSignificance&vitalityoflexicology•Furtherstudyandapplication•Withinandtrans-languages•Cognition-oriented26Thankyou!Goonwithyourstudy!27AGENERALSURVEYOFENGLISHVOCABULARYChapterOne28Outline1.1AnoverviewofEnglishvocabulary1.2DevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary1.3ClassificationofEnglishvocabularySummary291.1AnoverviewofEnglishvocabulary•Whatisaword?–Theminimalfreeformofalanguage,whichhasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.•Wordsareformedbymorphemes–Bloomfielddistinguishesbetweentwotypesoflinguisticforms:freeformandboundform(自由形位和粘附形位）30•Thetermwordreferstothefundamentalunitofagivenlanguage,withsoundandmeaning(lexicalandgrammatical),capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction(句法功能)(awordactsasastructuralunitofasentence).31morphemeswordsphrasesclausessentences•Allthewordsinalanguagetogetherconstitutewhatisknownasitsvocabulary.32Lexicology:Whatislexicology?lexicologylexic--ologyeg.biologypsychology…LexiconlexisvocabularyBriefly,itisthe“scienceoftheword”,andabranchoflinguisticsdealingwithvocabularyofalanguage.33Lexicologythestudyofthelexisinhumanlanguage(HowardJackson&EtienneZė2001,陆国强1999，et.al)generallexicology&speciallexicologystudytheuniversalprinciplesstudythelexisinaspeciallanguage34Notes:lexis•“词汇学”可以定义为“